Ch 27 bio 1406

Prokaryotes

Microscopic organisms that thrive almost everywhere; includes Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea.

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that maintains cell shape, protects the cell, and prevents it from bursting, present in prokaryotic cells.

Peptidoglycan

A polymer that makes up the cell walls of bacteria, providing structural integrity.

Gram-positive Bacteria

Bacteria with simpler cell walls and a large amount of peptidoglycan, which retain the Gram stain.

Endospores

Metabolically inactive structures formed by some prokaryotes that can remain viable in harsh conditions for long periods.

Fimbriae

Multiple hair-like extensions on prokaryotes that allow them to adhere to surfaces or other cells.

Binary Fission

The primary method of reproduction in prokaryotes, where a single cell divides into two identical cells.

Genetic Recombination

The process of combining DNA from two sources, contributing to genetic diversity in prokaryotes.

Transformation

A type of genetic recombination where a prokaryote takes up foreign DNA from its environment.

R Plasmids

Plasmids that carry genes for antibiotic resistance, allowing some bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics.