2nd half - key projects

studied byStudied by 8 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 58

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

59 Terms

1

Timgad, Algeria, Roman Empire, founded 100CE, city

  • very good grid system

  • forum built at the intersections of roads

  • all roman cities were very standardized so anyone from other cities could easily navigate them

  • decimanus and cardo were the names of the two main roads

New cards
2

Pantheon; Apollodorus of Damascus; Rome, Italy; Roman Empire; 117-125 AD, Temple

  • temple to all of the gods (the entire pantheon of gods) —> each god has a statue and alter within this temple

  • the current pantheon was rebuilt slightly later by Marcus Agripa —> he added marble, brick, and concrete

  • plain exterior with a temple fortico facade

  • large, unreinforced concrete dome with extensive painting on the inside

  • natural light from the oculos

  • corintian columns

New cards
3

Hadrian’s Villa; Tivoli, Italy; Roman Empire; 125-128 CE; Villa/Palace

  • casinos, private stadiums, private gardens

  • imperial palace

  • visiting chambers

  • stables

  • baths

  • Serapeum (dome to the Egyptian gods)

  • Maritime Theater —> relaxation

New cards
4

Temple of Inscriptions; Chiapas, Mexico; Mayans (city of Palenque); 7th Century CE, Pyramid  

  • tomb aspect

  • has inscriptions

  • large shoot/tunnel going underground to the sarcophagus

  • northside temple collapsed during construction

New cards
5

Pyramid of the Magician; Uxmal, Mexico; Mayans (city of Uxmal); 560-731 CE, Pyramid 

  • something looks like the face of a magician

  • aligned with the Mayan calendar (like the sun sets in certain ways on certain days because of the doorway and stuff)

  • rounded sided

  • elliptical base

New cards
6

El Castillo; Yucatan, Mexico; Mayans (city of Chichen Itza); 8th-12th Century CE, Pyramid 

  • stepped pyramid shape

  • four sets of stairs

    • each has 91 steps

    • all together is the number of days in the Mayan calendar

  • during the equinox, the shadows on the pyramids look like serpents

  • dedicated to Kukulkan (Mayan Serpent deity)

New cards
7

Temple of the Warriors; Yucatan, Mexico; Mayans (city of Chichen Itza); 8th-12th Century CE, Pyramid 

  • four platforms

  • square columns

  • wide stairway leading up to it

  • reliefs depicted jaguars and eagles feasting on human hearts

  • probably a references to the human sacrifices at the temple

New cards
8

Great Ball Court; Yucatan, Mexico; Mayans (city of Chichen Itza); 8th-12th Century CE, Mayan Ball court 

  • longer than a football field (massive)

  • slanted walls

  • goals are circular hoops at the tops of the wall

  • the game it was used for was sort of like basketball —> losers were sacrificed… (high stakes)

  • alter right by the stadium for the sacrifices

  • people watched from the top of the walls

New cards
9

Borobudur; Central Java; Sailendra dynasty ; 800 CE, Temple

  • concentric succession of geometric figures

  • described as a mandala in 3D

  • stupas

  • 8 segments, levels, etc. —> the 8 is significant in Buddism

  • relief carvings

New cards
10

Banteay Srei; Siem Reap, Cambodia; Khmer Empire; 967 AD, Temple  

  • only major temple at anchor not built by a monarch

  • shiva and vishnu

  • red sandstone

  • stone carvings

  • large pediments

New cards
11

Angkor Wat; Siem Reap, Cambodia;  Khmer Empire; 1150 AD, Temple Complex

  • oriented west

  • Vishnu

  • Hindu-Buddist temple

  • millions of sandstone blocks

  • enclosures get progressively smaller as you move through the terrace

  • temple is made of three rectangular gallaries

  •  towers

  • represents the mountains of Mauru

  • recreate the mandala 3D, to reflect the geometric perfection of the world

  • basically everything is carved, covered in relief sculptures which tell stories

New cards
12

Lakshmana Temple; Khajuraho, India; Chandella dynasty; 930-950 CE, Temple    

  • pawns were there first and they build the temples around the pawns

  • axial sequence on a double transcend

  • geometric

  • axial relationship to its pool and the other temples

  • the laksmana was first and so it established the style and type that would be used for the other temples in the complex

  • erotic sculptures

New cards
13

Dome of the Rock; Jerusalem; Ummayads; 687-692 CE, Monument  

  • very important to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

  • octagonal base

  • elevated dome sat on a secondary smaller platform

  • open interior

  • pillars around the interior

  • no religious services (not a mosque)

  • text not images

New cards
14

Great Mosque of Damascus; Damascus, Syria; Ummayads; 715 CE, Mosque 

  • round arches on the arcade

  • pointed arches on the dome

  • large open courtyard

  • prayer hall with columns and arches

  • mosaics

New cards
15

Malwiya minaret; Samarra, Iraq; Abbasids; 848-852 CE, minaret 

  • Part of a temple with a courtyard, hypostyle prayer hall

  • Minaret - sandstone

  • similar to a ziggurat

  • Gradual slope

New cards
16

Great Mosque of Cordoba; Cordoba, Spain; Ummayads; 785 CE, Mosque 

  • hypostyle prayer hall

  • Double arches made of a horseshoe arch with a normal arch on top

  • Aesthetic

  • Exterior has arches and things that aren’t for structure just for decor

  • Mirab dome made of layers and layers of arches

New cards
17

Alhambra; Granada, Spain; Nasrids; 1354-1391, Palace.

  • many rulers added to it during their reign

  • can support 10,000 people at once (large compound)

  • defensive structure

    • thick walls

    • towers with small windows for shooting through

    • smooth walls so no one could climb them

  • housed the elites

  • many courtyards and houses because each generation added onto it

    • looks more uniform on the outside but inside it various different areas

    • each court used different columns and designs

  • dome with a clerestory —> a level of the dome thats mostly windows

    • this was a new innovation at the time this palace was build which shows that these people were with the times

New cards
18

Fatih Cami, Istanbul, Turkey, Ottomans 1463, Mosque

  • the majority of the city was completely unorganized but the mosques were very symmetrical and organized so they stood out

  • this was a political statement built on top of a tomb and church

  • made of reused barrel vaults from the Romans (Roman concrete)

  • massive dome

  • square plaza with a food bank and hospitals

  • minarets (very thin, very tall towers, used for the call to prayer)

New cards
19

Topkapi Saray; Istanbul, Turkey; Ottomans; 1480-1560, Palace

  • has an asymetrical layout

  • multiple paths you can take throughout the building

  • it is made of three courts which were expanded on over time

    • 1st court

      • the sultan would meet people here

    • 2nd and 3rd court

      • private space for the sultan and his family

      • past the middle gate

  • herem

    • children who were taken from conquered areas were educated here

      • the girls went to the brothel in the herem (trained in sexual activities)

      • the boys were the sultans advisors

New cards
20

Suleymaniye Mosque; Mimar Sinan; Istanbul, Turkey; Ottomans; 1550-1557, Mosque

  • smaller domes hold up the larger dome

  • center of learning of the ottoman empire

  • tombs inside?

  • his tomb was in the direction of mecca and so everyone praying in the direction of mecca in turn prays towards him

  • large space to fit as many people as possible

New cards
21

Basilica Maxentius; Rome, Italy; Romans; 306-312 CE, Basilica 

  • thick walls

  • barrel vaults

  • statues in niches

  • massive arches

New cards
22

St John’s in the Lateran; Rome, Italy; Romans; ca. 324 CA, Early Church 

  • built as a church

  • depictions of jesus along facade

  • octagonal baptistery

  • 2 story portico

  • marble columns, mosaics

  • choir space

New cards
23

Old St Peter’s; Rome, Italy; Romans; ca. 319, Early Church 

  • church type is based on the typology of a basilica so it can be a large gathering place

  • build over the grave of the first Pope Saint Peter

  • nave, aisles, apse, transept, narthex, atrium

  • Greek style —> transept is crossing

New cards
24

Santa Sabina; Rome, Italy; Romans; 422–432, Early Church 

  • austere exterior (simple) so that you don’t stand outside and look at it, but so you have to come inside to see the opulence

  • clerestory windows

  • colonnade —> leads the eye to the apse

  • corinthian columns

  • side chapels —> relics and alters

New cards
25

Santo Stefano Rotundo; Rome, Italy; Romans; ca. 463-483, Early Church 

  • circular church structure

  • centralized church —> alter in the center rather than at the back, congregation around the alter

  • unfinished

  • round collonade

  • ceiling above the alter is higher

New cards
26

Santa Costanza; Rome, Italy; Romans; ca. 337–351, Early Church 

  • Mausoleum for constantine's daughter 

    • Not being used as this and becomes a church 

  • Has a dome 

  • Bland brick exterior, more decorated interior

  • Mosaic walls 

  • Central focus on alter 

    • Colonnade surrounding the altar 

    • Brings focus to the altar 

  • Only light coming straight down onto alter 

    • Everyone else kind of in darkness 

  • Pretty small in size 

New cards
27

Key Project: Hagia Sophia; Istanbul, Turkey; Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus; Byzantines; ca. 532-537 CE, Mosque/Church 

  • Turned into a mosque

  • Huge main dome, Half domes as well 

  • Domes on top of squares 

  • Built using pendentive 

    • Very stable structural shape → able to add lots of windows 

    • Allows walls to bear less of the pressure → more windows 

    • Kind of like a groin vault 

  • Very well lit but points of semi darkness 

  • Dome over the nave (NOT ALTER) 

    • Alter not centralized but it feels centralized when you are in the space 

  • Gold 

    • Sun reflects off of the gold 

New cards
28

San Vitale; Ravenna, Italy; Romans 526–547 CE, Early Church 

  • Dedicated to & burial space of san vitales 

  • Built as a centralized church but in practice as a linear church 

  • Apse structure in the building but everything else shows it a centralized 

  • Clerestory dome and lots of windows 

  • Church and state connection 

    • Mosaic showing emperor of state having a religious halo (reserved for saints) 

    • Persists with bibles and soldiers with weapons 

    • Emperors closeness with bishop 

    • Right to rule from god

    • Right where central communion happens 

New cards
29

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis; Saint-Denis, France; French (Normans); 1135–1140, Cathedral .

  • Rose Window

  • First to embrace gothic style 

  • Colonade

  • arches for structure

New cards
30

Key Project: Chartres Cathedral; Chartres, France; French (Normans); ca. 1145-1155, Cathedral 

  • Extra windows 

  • Taking the gothic style to the next level 

  • Octagon shape flower shaped windows → with masonry (at this point) 

  • Rectangular base 

    • Elongate the church 

  • Bishops palace, Fortified enclave, free hospital care around it 

  • Three portals 

New cards
31

Key Project: Notre-Dame, Paris, France, French (Normans), ca. 1163–1200, Cathedral

  • Well built → still standing 

  • Building weight taken to the outside 

  • Brick and copper roof 

    • Copper burned 

  • 85% of building remained in tact after 10 hrs of burning 

  • 50 years to build 

  • 3 rose windows 

  • 2 bell towers 

  • Massive spire 

  • Gargoyles 

    • Ward off spirits 

New cards
32

New cards
33

Key Project: Reims Cathedral; Reims, France; Normans; ca. 1225–1290, Cathedral

  • Increasing visual complexity

  • Want you to be impressed

  • Awe-inspiring

  • More looks nova

  • More and more windows/glass make it lighter

  • Less masonry in the flower window than before

  • More light more height

New cards
34

Key Project: Hall of the cloth guild; Bruges, Belgium; Normans; 1230, Guild Hall

  • Guildhall of clockmakers

  • Craftsmen organizing into groups

  • used as a marketpoace/ commercial hall

    • Able to practice their craft

    • Establish rules

    • Spread knowledge of the craft

    • Guilds are private → limit members, practice secrets

  • New typology combining things they like and see from other architecture

  • Taller tower = more importance

  • People don’t have personal watches so communal clock

    • used to be bells controlled by the church but now a clock —> took a little power from the church

New cards
35

Key Project: Salisbury Cathedral; Salisbury, England; Normans; 1220-1330, Cathedral

  • Not as complex as french cathedrals 

    • One single built unit 

    • No 3D deck 

  • Not as many flying buttresses used 

  • Not as vertical 

  • Unique tall central tower 

    • Not many central towers elsewhere 

  • Dual trancepts 

  • Courtyard 

    • Monastery or nunnery 

  • Similar bare bone elements of french gothic cathedral 


New cards
36

Ponte Vecchio; Neri di Fioravanti; Florence, Italy; 1340s, bridge

  • Bridge dedicated to shopping 

  • Gov doubled the width of the bridge to ass more places for shops 

  • Arches give it a monumental feel

  • Shop owners could add additional stories 

  • Shop owner lives on top of shop 

  • Opening with 3 arches 

  • Symmetrical

New cards
37

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Flore; Filippo Brunelleschi; Florence, Italy; 1296-1436, cathedral 

  • massive dome (bigger than the pantheon)

    • built with brick, cut stone, and wood —> no concrete yet

    • interior ribbed shell, exterior dome

    • 4 architects 

      • 1 responsible for just the dome 

    • Dome bigger than the pantheon 

    •  Mimicking columns inside   

  • triple nave

New cards
38

Palazzo Medici; Michelozzo; Florence, Italy; Florence (Medici family); 1440s, palazzo 

  • Palazzo 

  • First floor open to conduct business 

  • Privating living areas upstairs

  • Merchants gaining wealth

  • Perfectly square courtyard replicating roman atrium houses 

  • rustication —> rougher stone the lower you get

    • used to make them feel bigger

New cards
39

Basilica of Sant’Andrea; Leon Battista Alberti; Mantua, Italy; 1472-1790, church  

  • Adding imagery of arches and columns 

    • Inspired by romans 

  • Colossal engaged fluted columns 

  • Use of coppering → very reminiscent of roman period 

  • Mathematically symmetrical  

  • Heavily influenced by early basilicas

  • Very roman feel on the inside  

  • nave with a massive barrel vault

New cards
40

Pienza; Bernardo Rosselino; Siena, Italy; Papal States; 1459 (construction began), city 

  • Destroyed housing and then built more for the people 

  • humanism/ being guilted into giving back to the people 

  • Ideal city

  • In city 

    • Cathedral 

    • Open square in front of cathedral 

    • Bishops palace 

    • public palaces (wealthy citizens)

New cards
41

Cliff Palaces of Mesa Verde; Mesa Verde, Colorado; Ancestral Puebloans; 12th century; cliff city 

  • Built with mud brick 

  • Built into cliffs for natural defense 

  • 23 Kivas 

  • 200 orthagonal rooms 

  • Kivas for ritual use (not homes) 

    • Sunken circles 

    • Ladder down a dark way 


New cards
42

Templo Mayor; Mexico City (Tenochtitlan), Mexico; Aztecs; 1325; Temple

  • Pyramid sanctuary 

  • Built at least 6 times 

  • Build in core and then add facing  

  • two shrines of the top of the pyramid (god of rain, god of war)

  • made of two stepped pyramids on a large platform

New cards
43

Machu Picchu; Cusco Region, Peru; Incas; 1450; royal resort/retreat

  • Limited visitors per day 

  • Tough climb 

  • Vacation town for royalty and elites 

    • Only a small population could visit 

  • Terraced rooms 

  • 143 buildings 

  • Roughly cut stones 

  • sundial/solar observatory

New cards
44

Saint Peter’s Basilica; Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno; Vatican City (Rome, Italy); Papal States; 1507-1626; cathedral

  • Three architects 

    • Each artisan architect added their own elements to the structure 

    • Mixture of a lot of different things 

  • Modified style similar to the pantheon 

  • renaissance era sculptures on the inside 

  • Baroque as well 

  • Long floorboard 

  • Dome is 400 ft 

New cards
45

Palace of Versailles; Versailles, France; French; 1661

  • Palace home of louis the 14th

    • Built this massive palace 

    • Egocentric  

  • Forever terrified he’d be killed 

  • Initially a hunting lodge 

  • Just outside of paris 

  • Didn't like leaving the palace 

    • Ran the country from versaille (his bedroom) instead of going into palace

  • Private suites

    • king and queen suits

  • hall of mirrors

    • barrel vaults



New cards
46

San Marcello al Corso; Rome, Italy; Carlo Fontana; Italians; 1670s ; church

  • at this point, rome was not as powerful of a place but still a center for art and architecture

  • theatrical

  • meant to be interacted with

  • broken pediment* key trait of Baroque architecture

  • sculptures

  • interior

    • meant to be an expression of the wealth and power of the catholic church, so it was super grand

    • covered in paintings

New cards
47

Duomo, Piazza del Duomo, Catania, Sicily, Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, 1736; church 

  • sicily was orginally built very organically, but then there was a devestating earthquake that destroyed everything. they used this as an opportunity to built an ideal city —> thats when this was built

  • this facade is interesting because its meant to be viewed from all directions (most are beautiful from the front)

  • Baroque —> theatrical, engaging, a bunch of little details

  • columns that are kinda a mix of doric and corinthian and different on each level of the structure

New cards
48

Church of San Giorgio, Modica, Sicily, Rosario Gagliardi, 1740s; church 

  • deliberated placed on a steep location so that the church would be elevated

  • convex stairs, bent inward

  • rose window

  • bell tower

  • alter

New cards
49

Palazzo Stupingi, Turin, Italy, Filippo Juvarra, 1720s; palace 

  • built in sections

  • symetrical in terms of of the exterior and facade

  • 137 rooms

  • 31,000 sq meter

  • balconies

  • x shaped plan

New cards
50

Stowe House and Gardens; Buckinghamshire, England; 1677-1779; Great House

  • Currently a coed boarding school 

  • Famous for architecture and gardens 

  • Laboratory for picture esq experimentation 

  • Stop at certain points for views 

  • Various follies and buildings and monuments within the gardens 

New cards
51

Strawberry Hill, Horace Walpole with Robert Adam, Twickenham, England. 1749-1780; Great House

  • Designed with elements of the landscape 

  • Little gothic castle 

  • Irregular layout 

    • L shaped, with bays 

    • Trying to get little surprise moments 

    • No rooms have the same shape 

  • Lots of decorative aspects 


New cards
52

Santa Maria del Priorato, Piranesi, Rome, Italy, 1764-1766; church 

  • Frieze has decorative design (not blank or story) 

  • Pediment and pediment sculpture 

  • No paintings 

  • Rounded arches 

New cards
53

Key Project: Saline de Chaux, Ledoux, Chaux, France. 1770-1800; salt works

  • radial design —> constant survailence for the director over the worker

  • worker housing along the perimeter

  • center was housing for the directors

  • directors house was the tallest building in the complex (doric facade)

New cards
54

Key Project: Arc de Triomphe; Paris, France; Jean Chalgrin; 1806-1836; triumphal arch 

  • commissioned after a war victory

  • names of generals inscribed on the arch

  • beneath the vault is the tomb of the unknown soldier

  • 50 meters tall

  • vaulted arches on all sides

New cards
55

Key Project: Mexico City Cathedral, Mexico City, Mexico, Claudio di Arciniega, 1573-1813; cathedral 

  • built in sections

  • gothic baroque and neoclassical

  • large public gathering place

  • bell towers

  • central dome

New cards
56

Key Project: Palace of the Inquisition, Mexico City, Mexico, Pedro di Arrieta, 1710s; administrative building 

  • double height patio type palace for the government

New cards
57

Key Project: San Francisco Church, Ouro Preto, Brazil, Aleijadinoh, 1766; church 

  • no transepts

  • single line

  • ambulatory space

  • choir space

  • alter space

  • broken pediment

New cards
58

Key Project: Parlange Plantation House, Mix, Louisiana, 1750; great house

  • entrance to the house is on the second floor

  • colonnaded veranda

  • french collonial style

  • plaster

  • spaces for both family and working slaves

New cards
59

Key Project: Drayton Hall, Charleston, South Carolina; 1747-1752; great house 

  • 7 bay (windows) house

  • large central staircase

  • two stories

  • basement

  • split staircase

  • pedimented windows

  • symetrical

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
899 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 32 people
794 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
28 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 103 people
856 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
761 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
693 days ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
953 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
776 days ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 3 people
792 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (62)
studied byStudied by 5 people
765 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 10 people
56 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 5 people
171 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 115 people
507 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 12 people
468 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 2 people
661 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 38 people
8 days ago
5.0(1)
robot