Biology bioenergectics combined/seperate aqa

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Where does photosynthesis occur?

In the chloroplasts of plant cells

What pigment is needed for photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature

How does temperature affect photosynthesis?

Rate increases up to an optimum, then decreases as enzymes denature

How can light intensity be increased in a greenhouse?

Using artificial lights

How is carbon dioxide concentration increased in a greenhouse?

Using a gas heater or CO₂ generator

Name 3 uses of glucose in plants

Respiration, making cellulose, stored as starch

Why is glucose stored as starch?

Starch is insoluble, so it doesn't affect water balance in cells

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

In the mitochondria of cells

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Glucose → lactic acid

Why does anaerobic respiration release less energy?

Glucose isn't fully broken down

What is oxygen debt?

The amount of oxygen needed to remove lactic acid after exercise

How is lactic acid removed from the body?

It's transported to the liver and converted back into glucose

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?

Fermentation

What is fermentation used for?

Making bread and alcohol

How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis?

By counting bubbles from pondweed or measuring oxygen production

Why do you use sodium hydrogencarbonate in photosynthesis experiments?

It provides a source of carbon dioxide