PSD Exam 1

Non-controlled Initial Fill Time frame

6 months

Controlled Initial Fill Time frame

14 Days

Controlled Refill Time Frame

CIII-CIV = 6 Months

CII = NR

Non-controlled Refill Time Frame

1 Year

6 Comm. Pharm. Workflow Steps

1. Pharmacy Receives

2. Data Entry

3. Pre-Check (optional)

4. Dispense

5. Final Check

6. Patient Receives

Required Components of Outpatient Rx

Physician: Name, Title, Number, Address

Patient: Name, Adress

Rx: Name, strength, Quantity, Directions, Refills, DAW,

Controlled: ICD-10, Days supply, DEA#, Quantity # and Spelled out

Rx Label Requirements

Pharmacy: Name, Address, Number

Patient: Full Name

Prescriber: Full Name

Rx: #, Name, Strength, Quantity, Directions, Date dispensed, Federal / State Cautions

5 Steps of PPCP

1. Collect

2. Assess

3. Plan

4. Implement

   1. Follow up & Evaluate

How PPCP Used

Systematic approach to collect sub/obj data, assess data w/ previous medication and medical history, prioritize problems, and create an individualized evidence-based cost effective plan.

Purpose of Documentation

1. Liability

2. Continuity of Care

3. Communication w/ other healthcare personnel

4. Charging

5. Demonstrate contribution

Good Documentation Includes

1. Legible

2. Accurate

3. Relevant

4. Organized

5. Easy to understand

IBW Calculation

Male: 50 + (2.3 x Height in inches >5ft)

Female: 45.5 + (2.3 x Height in inches >5ft)

BMI Calculation

Weight / (Height)² × 703

CrCl Calculation

(140-Age) x (IBW) / (Scr72)

If female: Times by 0.85

If Kg weight < IBW; use that instead

Primary Literature

Original Research Articles
Case Reports

Secondary Literature

Abstract Services

Indexes of Bibliographic info

PubMed; Google Scholar

Places to find other things

Tertiary Literature

Textbooks

Drug Monographs

Review Articles

Boxed Warning

A major warning about a serious adverse drug reaction or drug interactions

REMS

Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies

• Drug safety program From FDA

  • Make sure benefits outweigh the risks of certain medications

Contraindications

Population that shouldn’t take the drug

Special Populations

Pregnancy

Breastfeed / Lactation

DailyMed

Package Insert Info

• FDA Approved info only

MartinDale

International Monographs

• Foreign Drug Identification

• Drug monographs may be detailed and well referenced

Adult Drug Information Handbook

Book, App, Lexidrugs database

• Quick reference but incomplete

AHFS-DI

Detailed Monographs

• Well referenced

UpToDate LexiDrug

Lexi-Drugs

Pediatric & Neonatal Lexi-Drugs

AHFS-DI

Martindale

Briggs Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation

More Tools

Facts and Comparisons Online

>10,000 Products

Uses hierarchy to organize information

Compares Products of same active ingredient

See excipients to avoid allergic reactions, sugar free, alcohol free

Micromedex

Only available to institutions

Very detail monographs, drug consults

ASHP

Preferred website for current shortage information

FDA

Not preferred information for shortage

List of extended use dates to alleviate shortage issues

Drugs.com

Drug Identification

Avoid entering Color or Shape

AWP

Average Wholesale Price

The Red Book

For obtaining price info

In Micromedex

Index Nominum

Not a clinical resource

Basic info and foreign name info

Country Code Key

USAN

United States Adopted Name

Named active substance that has a possibility of going to market

INN

International Non-proprietary Name

World Health Organization Adopted Names

Drug Identifcation Websites

Drugs.com

Lexidrugs

Micromedex

USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names

Alphabetical listing of nonproprietary names

Official Pronunciation

Not a resource for availability

Pharmaceutical Equivalence

Dosage Form

Strength

Active Ingredient

Route of Administration

Therapeutic Equivalence

Pharmaceutically Equivalent

Same clinical effect and safety profile when administered to patients under the conditions specified in the labeling (same pharmacokinetics)

FDA Orange Book

Preferred resource for therapeutic equivalence and approved drug products (availability in USA)

Foreign Drug Resources

Index Nominum

Martindale

Orphan Drug

A drug or biological product for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a rare disease or condition (<200,000)

Available @ FDA

Requirements of Transfer

R/T Pharmacy’s
- Name
- Address
- Full name of pharmacist / tech / intern)
- DEA# if controlled

Rx Info
- Rx#
-Exact duplicate of original prescription
- Og. refills & number remaining in 1+x format

3 Dates About Rx

Date Rx written

Date Rx originally filled

Date Rx last filled

Oral Transfers Must

Have transfer written on the face of prescription