WPS 264 Density variation

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Last updated 11:30 PM on 8/27/26
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7 Terms

1
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Vertical variation

  • Density decreases with increasing height

  • More pronounced in SW

  • Reasons: greater stress at base because of weight above & higher proportion of heartwood (extractives) at base

  • Juvenile wood around pith has different density

  • Proportionally more juvenile wood in upper part


2
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Horizontal variation

  • Influence of age is clearer than on vertical axis

  • SW juvenile & very old wood has low density

  • HW density is greatest around pith (extractives)


<ul><li><p>Influence of age is clearer than on vertical axis</p></li><li><p>SW juvenile &amp; very old wood has low density</p></li><li><p>HW density is greatest around pith (extractives)</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Environmental effects

  • Soil quality, climate, tree spacing, nutrients effect density which is expressed through ring width & latewood proportion


4
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Determination of density

  • Measure overdry mass & volume via measuring apparatus or water displacement


5
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Diana Smith method

  • Samples submerged in water

  • Application of cyclical pressure (air in) & vacuum (air out)

  • Takes volume out of equation

  • ρ [g/cm3] = 1 / (MC [decimal] + 1/1.53)


6
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X-ray absorption

  • Transverse x-rays are absorbed depending on the density, the denser the wood, the more energy is lost in the material


7
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Importance of density

  • Affects: hygroscopicity, s&s, mechanical, thermal, acoustical, electrical, transportational