lecture 25 - role of animal nutrition in sustainability

what are some key factors of optimal use of feed ingredients

support or improve heathy digestion/absorption of nutrients

maintain quality of feed/food resources

up-cycle waste streams and marginal land

use novel ingredients

use opportunities to balance resource use for animal vs human feed/food

describe the support or improve heathy digestion/absorption of nutrients factor

feed additives that support gut health or ↑ nutrient availability

well balanced diets for good GI function

what are some feed additives that support gut health

pre and probiotics

what are some feed additives that ↑ nutrient availability

enzymes and ionophores

what are some common enzymes added to swine and poultry diets

cellulase

glucanase

pectinase

xylanase

galactisidases

phytase

amylase

lipase

protease

describe the maintain quality of feed/food resources factor

↓ nutrient loss from stored feeds

mitigate adverse effects of mycotoxins or other contaminants on animal health/performance

what are some ways to maintain quality of feed/food resources

proper growing/harvesting protocols

proper storage

use of products that support preservation

what are some products that support preservation

acidifiers

inoculants

antioxidants

what are some examples of use of upcycling waste streams and marginal land

misc feeds and using corn stover

what are some examples of novel ingredients

insect farming for proteins, use of algae and seaweed

how many tons of feed in DM do livestock annually eat

6 billion tons

what % of the material not eaten by humans is eaten by livestock

86%

feed inputs are major determinants of

productivity, health, feed efficiency, profitability, and waste output

feed inputs depend on

how much but also what is fed

protein and P nutrition intersect with what sustainability concerns

terrestrial biodiversity loss

climate change

eutrophication of surface of water bodies

drinking water quality degradation

terrestrial biodiversity loss affected by

NH3 + P

climate change affected by

N2O + P

eutrophication of surface of water bodies

N + P runoff

drinking water quality degradation

NO3- + P

describe the problem of protein nutrition in cattle

imported feed in the largest N input to whole farm N balance

approx 2x the volume of fertilizer N

how can the problem of protein nutrition in cattle be partially mitigated

↓ CP supply and supplement limiting aas

what are the 2 main ways to decrease the problem of P from pigs

nutrient efficiency to ↓ P excretion

precision nutrition to ↓ P excretion

describe how nutrient efficiency to ↓ P excretion in pigs can be done

supplement phytase to ↑ absorption of organic P

↓ inorganic P supplementation

describe how precision nutrition to ↓ P excretion in pigs can be done

phase feeding pigs

split sex feeding to meet specific reqs of gilts and barrows

describe the phase feeding of pigs and and how it can help ↓ P excretion in pigs

adjusting dietary P levels to meet P reqs at each stage of growth

what are some ways that improving animal nutrition can help with animal health and welfare

↑ productivity

↑ lifespan

↑ health

describe the ↑ productivity aspect of animal health/welfare

↓ env. foot print per unit of animal product

↓ animals needed to produce same amount of animal source food

describe the ↑ lifespan aspect of animal health/welfare

enhanced early life nutrition to make more resilient/sustainable animals

fewer replacement animals needed

describe the ↑ health aspect of animal health/welfare

combats antimicrobial resistance

what are the 3 major topics affected by animal nutrition

optimal use of feed resources

preserving the environment

animal health and welfare

what goes between optimal use of feed and animal health and welfare

feed processing

feed digestibility

digestive physiology

what goes between optimal use of feed and preserving environment

nutritional models

what goes between preserving environment and animal health/welfare

nutrient reqs

neonatal nutrition

feed/food labeling

what goes between all 3 major topics that involve animal nutrition

nutritive value of feeds

ration formulation