DNA Unit Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts about DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and mutations.

Double helix

The shape of DNA.

A–T and C–G

The bases that pair together in DNA.

Nucleotide

The basic unit of DNA.

Genetic information

What DNA stores.

A and G

The purine bases in DNA.

C and T

The pyrimidine bases in DNA.

Helicase

The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication.

DNA Polymerase

The enzyme that adds nucleotides during replication.

Nucleus

Where DNA replication occurs.

Replication fork

The shape that forms when DNA unzips.

Transcription

The process of copying DNA into RNA.

Nucleus

Where transcription occurs.

Uracil

The base that replaces thymine in RNA.

Codon

A 3-base sequence on mRNA.

Translation

The process that makes proteins from mRNA.

Ribosome

Where translation occurs.

Insertion

The mutation that adds a base.

Deletion

The mutation that removes a base.

Chargaff

The scientist who discovered the base pairing rules (A=T and C=G).

Watson and Crick

The duo that discovered the structure of DNA.

Griffith

The scientist who discovered the transforming principle in bacteria.

Hershey and Chase

The scientists who proved DNA is the genetic material using viruses and bacteria.