DNA Unit Review Flashcards

DNA Structure and Function

• Shape of DNA: Double helix.

• Base Pairing: A–T and C–G pairs.

• Basic Unit: Nucleotide.

• Stores: Genetic information.

Base Types

• Purines: A and G.

• Pyrimidines: C and T.

DNA Replication

• Enzyme that unzips DNA: Helicase.

• Enzyme that adds nucleotides: DNA Polymerase.

• Location: Nucleus.

• Shape Formation: Replication fork.

Transcription and Translation

• Transcription: Process of copying DNA into RNA.

• Location of Transcription: Nucleus.

• Thymine replacement in RNA: Uracil.

• 3-base sequence on mRNA: Codon.

• Protein Synthesis Process: Translation.

• Location of Translation: Ribosome.

Mutations

• Addition mutation: Insertion.

• Removal mutation: Deletion.

Key Discoveries

• Base Pairing Rules: Discovered by Chargaff (A=T and C=G).

• Structure of DNA: Discovered by Watson and Crick.

• Transforming Principle: Discovered by Griffith.

• DNA as Genetic Material: Proved by Hershey and Chase.