Rizal Life Prelim

What is Republic Act 1425?

The Rizal Law.

When was the Rizal Law (RA 1425) signed?

June 12, 1956.

Who was president when RA 1425 was enacted?

Ramon Magsaysay.

Who authored the Rizal Law?

Senator Claro M. Recto, co-authored by Senator José P. Laurel.

What does RA 1425 require schools to include in their curricula?

Courses on the life, works, and writings of Dr. José Rizal.

What two major Rizal novels are specifically highlighted by RA 1425?

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Which body was assigned to create and distribute instructional materials for RA 1425?

The Board of National Education.

Why did the Catholic Church oppose the Rizal Law?

Because of the anti-clerical themes in Rizal’s novels.

What provision was included as a compromise in RA 1425?

Students could apply for exemption from reading the unexpurgated versions for religious reasons by submitting a sworn written statement.

What are the four primary rationales behind RA 1425?

Promotion of nationalism and patriotism; educational reform; counteracting colonial mentality; addressing contemporary issues.

When did the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade lose profitability and end?

After Mexico’s independence from Spain in 1821.

What major event in 1869 shortened travel time between Europe and Asia?

The opening of the Suez Canal.

How did the Suez Canal affect the Philippines?

It integrated the Philippines into international trade and brought European travelers and liberal ideas to the islands.

What crops were promoted in the shift to a cash-crop economy?

Tobacco, sugarcane, cacao, coffee, and abaca.

What infrastructure did Spanish authorities improve to support exports?

Roads, railroads, and ports, including the expansion of the Port of Manila in 1880.

Who were the Peninsulares?

Spaniards born in Spain who held the highest political and administrative positions.

Who were the Insulares?

Spaniards born in the Philippines who enjoyed high social status and privilege.

Who were the Principalia?

An educated and wealthy class serving as local intermediaries, such as gobernadorcillos and cabezas de barangay.

Who were the Mestizos?

Mixed-race individuals, especially Chinese and Spanish mestizos, who acquired landholdings, dominated crop transport, and sent children abroad to study.

Who were the Indios?

Native Filipinos who formed the vast majority and were impoverished, heavily taxed, and subjected to forced labor.

Who were the Inquilinos?

Tenant farmers leasing land from large estates and subleasing to smaller farmers.

Who was Governor-General Carlos María de la Torre?

A liberal ruler appointed in 1869 who implemented reforms such as freedom of speech and secular education.

Who was Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo?

The authoritarian ruler who replaced De la Torre in 1871 and revoked liberal policies.

When did the Cavite Mutiny occur?

January 20, 1872.

What caused the Cavite Mutiny?

Izquierdo revoked tax and forced-labor exemptions for soldiers and workers.

Who were the three priests known as GomBurZa?

Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.

When were GomBurZa executed?

February 17, 1872.

Why was GomBurZa executed?

They were falsely accused of masterminding the Cavite Mutiny.

Why was the martyrdom of GomBurZa important?

It became a major turning point in inspiring national consciousness.

When and where was José Rizal born?

June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna.

Who were Rizal’s parents?

Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo.

Who was Rizal’s first teacher?

His mother, Teodora Alonzo.

What social class did Rizal’s family belong to?

The landowning principalia.

How many siblings did Rizal have?

Ten siblings besides José, making eleven children in the family.

Who was Rizal’s only brother?

Paciano.

What was Paciano’s role in Rizal’s life?

He was Rizal’s mentor and exposed him to reformist ideas.

Who located Rizal’s unmarked grave in Paco Cemetery?

His sister Narcisa.

Which sibling became an active member of the Katipunan?

Josefa.

Who received Rizal’s final poem, Mi Último Adiós?

Trinidad (Trining).

Where was Mi Último Adiós hidden?

Inside an alcohol lamp.

At what age was Rizal taught basic reading and writing by his mother?

Age 3.

Who taught Rizal in Biñan?

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.

When did Rizal study at Ateneo Municipal de Manila?

1872–1877.

Why did Rizal use the surname Rizal instead of Mercado at Ateneo?

To avoid political suspicion linked to Paciano’s friendship with Fr. José Burgos.

Who mentored Rizal at Ateneo?

Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez.

What degree did Rizal earn at Ateneo?

Bachelor of Arts with highest honors (sobresaliente).

Why did Rizal study Medicine?

To cure his mother’s failing eyesight.

Why did Rizal leave UST for Spain?

Because of racial discrimination from professors and outdated teaching methods.

When did Rizal secretly depart for Spain?

May 1882.

What ship did Rizal take to Spain?

Salvadora.

Where did Rizal study in Madrid?

Universidad Central de Madrid.

What licentiates did Rizal earn in Madrid?

Licentiates in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.

Why did Rizal not officially receive a Doctorate in Medicine?

He did not present his thesis orally.

Who trained Rizal in ophthalmology in Paris?

Dr. Louis de Wecker.

Who trained Rizal at the University Eye Hospital in Heidelberg?

Dr. Otto Becker.

When did Rizal work with Dr. Louis de Wecker?

1885, for four months.

When did Rizal train under Dr. Otto Becker?

1886.

Where was Noli Me Tangere published?

Berlin, 1887.

Who was Rizal’s long-time love who was pressured to marry Charles Henry Kipping?

Leonor Rivera.

Who became Rizal’s close Austrian scholar friend?

Ferdinand Blumentritt.

What was the Propaganda Movement?

A movement organized by educated Filipinos (ilustrados) in Europe seeking peaceful political reforms.

What were the main demands of the Propaganda Movement?

Philippine representation in the Spanish parliament; parish secularization; legal equality; public schools free from friar control; abolition of forced labor and forced sales; freedom of speech, press, and association; equal access to civil service.

When and where was La Solidaridad founded?

February 15, 1889, in Barcelona, Spain.

What type of publication was La Solidaridad?

A bi-weekly Spanish-language newspaper.

Who was the first editor of La Solidaridad?

Graciano López Jaena.

Who succeeded Graciano López Jaena as editor?

Marcelo H. del Pilar.

What pen names did Mariano Ponce use?

Naning, Kalipulako, and Tikbalang.

What pen name did Antonio Luna use?

Taga-Ilog.

What pen name did José María Panganiban use?

Jomapa.

What did Rizal argue in The Indolence of the Filipino?

That colonial exploitation, heavy taxation, and forced labor stifled Filipino productivity rather than native laziness.

What did Rizal predict in The Philippines a Century Hence?

That the Philippines would seek independence if Spain refused to grant reforms.

What caused a leadership rift in the Propaganda Movement?

Differences between Marcelo H. del Pilar’s assertive political lobbying and Rizal’s emphasis on internal moral education and direct action in the Philippines.

When did Rizal return to Manila from Hong Kong?

June 26, 1892.

When was La Liga Filipina formally organized?

July 3, 1892.

Where was La Liga Filipina founded?

At the home of Doroteo Ongjungco in Tondo, Manila.

What was La Liga Filipina?

A mutual-aid, socio-civic society designed to unite the archipelago.

What were the aims of La Liga Filipina?

Mutual protection, education, defense against injustice, and advancement of agriculture and commerce.

Who was the first president of La Liga Filipina?

Ambrosio Salvador.

Who was a La Liga member who later co-founded the Katipunan?

Andres Bonifacio.

Who was the La Liga member later known as the "Brains of the Revolution"?

Apolinario Mabini.

Who became the first president of the Katipunan?

Deodato Arellano.

When was Rizal arrested after founding La Liga Filipina?

July 6, 1892.

Why was Rizal arrested?

On charges of sedition and subversive writings involving Noli and Fili.

Where was Rizal exiled?

Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte.

How long did Rizal live in exile in Dapitan?

Four years, from 1892 to 1896.

What happened to La Liga Filipina after Rizal’s arrest?

Its membership split into two factions.

What were the two factions after La Liga Filipina split?

Katipunan (KKK) and Cuerpo de Compromisarios.

What was the Katipunan?

A radical secret revolutionary society founded by Andrés Bonifacio and others to pursue independence through armed struggle.

What was the Cuerpo de Compromisarios?

A group of conservative members who continued financially supporting peaceful reform efforts in Spain.