APUSH Period 8

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

Berlin Airlift

1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

Truman Doctrine

policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

Yalta Conference

1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

United Nations

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

NATO

an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

Korean War

AN example of U.S. interventionism that included US soldiers to contain communism

American Dream

1950's conformity belief that Americans can achieve economic security and own a home in the suburbs

GI Bill

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

William Levitt

Built new communities in the suburbs after WWII, using mass-production techniques

Baby Boom

the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II

Sunbelt

A region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and Southwest that became a migration point for Americans due to new military jobs and weather

White Flight

working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs

The Feminine Mystique

A publication by Betty Friedan that focused attention on the reality facing suburban women and began to question the female role of happy housewife

youth culture 1950's

rock and roll brought with it a culture of rebellion, older generations saw it as the moral decay of American society.

Elvis Presley

1950s; a symbol of the rock-and-roll movement of the 50s when teenagers began to form their own subculture, dismaying to conservative parents. Celebrated the ability to express one self.

Civil Rights Movement

a social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. People worked together to change unfair laws. They gave speeches, marched in the streets, and participated in boycotts.

Activists

a person dedicated to the cause of reform and prepared to use political action toward that goal. Peaceful solutions.

Integration

Goal of Civil Rights Activists during the Civil Rights Movement to secure equal rights for African Americans

Civil Disobedience

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws. Popularized by Dr. King.

Brown v Board

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

Little Rock 9

first group of students to desegregate Central High in defiance of the governor

Sit-In Movement

led by NAACP Youth Council, 1960 launched a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South and opened a national awareness of the depth of segregation in the nation

March on Washington

1963 demonstration in which more than 200,000 people rallied for economic equality and civil rights

Civil Rights Act

Strengthens 14th Amendment and ends segregation in U.S.

Voting Rights Act 1965

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

Malcolm X

Black Muslim who argued for separation, not integration. He changed his views, but was assassinated in 1965.

Black Panther Party

A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods. Self-determination not integration. Used militant strategies to protect from police brutality.

Stonewall Rebellion

(1969) Uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked by an assault by off-duty police officers at a gay bar in New York. The rebellion led to rise in activism and militancy within the gay community.

Feminist Movement

An effect of the Civil Rights Movement. A social movement whose members advocate equality between men and women in rights and opportunities.

Great Society

In 1965, Congress passed many measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Operation Rolling Thunder

Escalation into Vietnam by Johnson using bombing and soldiers

Vietnamization

President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

Silent Majority

A phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture of the 1960s

Pentagon Papers

Government documents that showed the public had been lied to about the status of the war in Vietnam

Miranda Warning

a statement by law enforcement officers informing a person arrested or subject to interrogation of his or her rights

Environmental Protection Agency

an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

Earth Day

A day created in 1970 about celebrating and caring for the Earth

Watergate

The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment.

Title IX

No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

New Right

Outspoken conservative movement that grew out of the liberal agenda. Emphasized such "social issues" as opposition to abortion, the Equal Rights Amendment, gay rights and affirmative action

Malaise Speech

Jimmy Carter delivered in response to the energy crisis. The speech helped fuel charges that the president was trying to blame his own problems on the American people.

Iranian Hostage Crisis

1979 kidnapping of American Embassy hostages in Iran. It lasted for more than a year.

Gulf of Tonkin

Incident in 1964 that President Johnson used to justify increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Claim was that two U.S. ships had been attacked.