Science Test 0+1

System---

2 kinds open and closed

Open system

a material system in which mass or energy can be lost to or gained from the environment.

Closed System

 a natural physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system

A system is

a type of modle

What kind of system is earth?

The earth is a closed system because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere.

what is the water cycle

Earth’s 4 spheres

Bio,Geo, Hydro, ATM

Biosphere

Living things, organic, carbon

Hydrosphere

Surface water, Salt/fresh

Atmosphere

gassous envelope

Geosphere

Physical landforms

steps/processes involved in the Carbon cycle

• Carbon enters the atmosphere as Co2

• CO2 is absorbed by autotrophs such as green plants.

• Animals consume plants, thereby, incorporating carbon into their system.

• Animals and plants die, their bodies decompose and carbon is reabsorbed back into the atmosphere.

steps/processes involved in the Water Cycle

evaporation,

transpiration,

condensation,

precipitation,

and runoff

steps/processes involved in the Energy Cycle

producers,

primary consumers,

secondary consumers,

and tertiary consumers.

What are the Laws of Thermodynamics

a branch of physics and talks about how energy is converted into other forms.

the Laws of Thermodynamics

• Energy is never created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another form.

• when energy changes, it gets converted from a useful/concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.

How does carbon enter

1. Breathing out (respiration)

  2. Burning of trees or brush

  3. Volcanoes emit

  4. Diffuses out of oceans

  5. Organisms like decomposers release it when they break down dead things

how does carbon exit

u1. Plants (land based) via PHOTOSYNTHESIS (release oxygen as by-product)

u2. Phytoplankton (water-based) in ocean (sea-version of a plant) via PHOTOSYNTHESIS

u3. Wave Action helps dissolve CO2 concentrated in chemical compounds like Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Scientific metheod steps

•State the problem.

•Make a hypothesis.

•Conduct the experiment.

•Record/analyze data.

•Make a conclusion.

Report findings to others so they can repeat the experiment

Hypothesis format meaning

•“If” is the manipulated variable.

•“Then” is the responding variable.