________ is the change of one atom into another brought about by a nuclear bombardment reaction.
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Radioactivity
________ is the spontaneous emission of radiation from a nucleus.
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Rutherford
________ was able to show that a beta particle is an electron and that an alpha particle is actually a helium nucleus, He2+.
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Gamma
________ rays move at the speed of light and have about 1000 times the penetrating power of a particles.
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spontaneous emission
The ________ of a particle from an unstable nucleus is called nuclear decay, or radioactive decay, and the resulting change of one element into another is called transmutation.
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regular intervals
At ________, the film is developed and compared with a standard to indicate the radiation exposure.
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Radioisotope
________ is a radioactive isotope and radionuclide is the nucleus of a radioactive isotope.
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Positron
________ is a positive electron, which has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge.
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energy change
The ________ accompanying a nuclear reaction can be up to several million times greater than that accompanying a chemical reaction.
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simplest device
The ________ for detecting exposure to radiation is the photographic film badge worn by people who routinely work with radioactive materials.
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minimum amount of radioactive material
The ________ needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction is called critical mass.
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Half life
________ is the amount of time required for one- half of a radioactive sample to decay.
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Unstable isotopes
________ that have more protons than neutrons are more likely to undergo beta decay to convert a proton to a neutron, whereas ________ having more neutrons than protons are more likely to undergo either positron emission or electron capture to convert a neutron to a proton.
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number of flashes
The ________ are counted electronically and converted into an electrical signal.
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Nuclear decay
________: Radioactive element → New element + Emitted particle.
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Nuclear decay
Radioactive element → New element + Emitted particle
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electron capture
process in which the nucleus captures an inner-shell electron from the surrounding electron cloud, thereby converting a proton into a neutron, and energy is released in the form of gamma rays.
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critical mass
The minimum amount of radioactive material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction
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