Microbio Final Prep - Exam 2

Most parasitic worms, such as Enterobius vermicularis, have a highly developed ____ system.

1. digestive

2. nervous

3. respiratory

4. muscular

5. reproductive

reproductive

Symptoms of enterobias may include all of the following except ___.

1. occasional stomach pain and nausea

2. insomnia

3. vision loss

4. itching of the anal or vaginal area

5. teeth grinding and restlessness

vision loss

Mucirniycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis are all examples of ____ infection.

1. bacterial

2. parasitic

3. fungal

4. viral

5. archaeal

fungal

Which of the following statements is true?

1. River blindness is caused by bacteria

2. All helminths are parasites that cause disease in humans

3. All viruses cause disease in humans

4. Antibiotics are effective at treating infections caused by viruses

5. Exposure to aflatoxins is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer

Exposure to aflatoxins is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ____.

1. mitochondria

2. lysosome

3. Golgi apparatus

4. chloroplasts

5. endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following diseases is not caused by lysogenic conversion?

1. Diphtheria

2. Hepatitus

3. Cholera

4. Botulism

Hepatitus

Many insects that form intimate long-term associations with bacterial endosymbionts keep them in specialized structures called ___.

1. mycetocytes

2. lysozomes

3. evolution chambers

4. bacteriocytes

bacteriocytes

Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called ___.

1. lysogeny

2. budding

3. plaques

4. sociopathic effects

5. pocks

plaques

Viriods such as Mexican papita viriod are of economic significance because they cause disease in ____.

1. bacteria

2. animals

3. humans

4. viruses

5. plants

plants

A patient undergoing chemotherapy for cancer develops an infection with cytomegalovirus, conclusively diagnosed by the presence of “owl’s eye” viral nuclear inclusions in a liver biopsy. This is an example of ___.

1. a cytopathic effect by cytomegalovirus

2. an immune response by the host

3. a cytomegalovirus becoming a provirus

4. transformation of the host cell by cytomegalovirus

5. plain bad luck

a cytopathic effect by cytomegalovirus

Thw group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the ___.

1. sarcodina

2. ciliophora

3. mastigophora

4. sporozoa

5. none of the above

sporozoa

Fatal familial insomnia disease is ____.

1. caused by a chronic latent virus

2. initiated by a oncogenic virus

3. caused by a viroid

4. an example of a disease caused by prions

5. also called “mad cow disease”

an example of a disease caused by prions

Persistent viruses such as Varicella-Zoster virus that can reactivate periodically are ____.

1. chronic latent viruses

2. oncoviruses

3. syncytia

4. inclusion bodies

5. cytopathic

chronic latent viruses

What structures are used by Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors?

1. Sheath

2. Tail/tail fibers

3. Nucleic acid

4. Capsid head

5. none of the above

Tail/tail fibers

Bacteriophage in your gut can transfer antibiotic resistant genes between your gut microbiota by a process known as ___.

1. transformation

2. conjugation

3. transduction

4. transposon transfer

5. phage virulence

transduction

The process by which RNA is converted to protein in Toxoplasma gondii is called ____.

1. transformation

2. transduction

3. metamorphosis

4. transcription

5. translation

translation

Which of the following is not associated with all animal, plant, and bacterial viruses?

1. Envelope

2. Capsid

3. Nucleic acid

4. Genome

Envelope

Mammalian viruses such as human papillomavirus capable of starting tumors are ____.

1. chronic latent viruses

2. onocoviruses

3. syncytia

4. cytopathic

oncoviruses

The event that occurs in bacteriophage replication that does not occur in animal virus replication is ____.

1. adsorption to the host cells

2. injection of only the viral nucleic aid into the host cell

3. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins

4. replication of viral nucleic acid

injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell

When bacterium such as Clostridium botulimnum acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called ____.

1. manifestation

2. lysogenic conversion

3. viral persistence

4. transcription

5. translation

lysogenic conversion

The activation of a prophage in Vibro cholerae occurs by a process called ____.

1. activation

2. lysogeny

3. transformation

4. induction

5. adsoprtion

induction

Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called___.

1. viroids

2. prions

3. bacteriophages

4. satellite viruses

5. bacteriocin

bacteriophages

The purpose of viral cultivation is ____,

1. to isolate and identify viruses in clinical specimens

2. to prepare viruses for vaccines

3. to do detailed research on viral structure, lifestyle, genetics, and effects on host cells

4. all of the above

all of the above

During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the ____.

1. host cytoplasm

2. host smooth ER

3. host ribosome

4. host DNA

5. host cell membrane

host DNA

Fungal cell walls comprise all of the following except ____.

1. beta-1,3-glucan

2. beta-1,6-glucan

3. chitin

4. mannoprotein

5. peptidoglycan

peptidoglycan

In Plasmodium parasites (the causative agent of malaria) transcription occurs in the ____.

1. nucleus

2. cytoplasm

3. ribosome

4. mitochondria

5. smooth ER

nucleus

Viral nucleic acids include which of the following?

1. Double stranded DNA

2. Single stranded DNA

3. Double stranded RNA

4. Single stranded RNA

5. All of the above

all of the above

The most immediate result of destruction of Candida albicans’ ribosomes would be the ____.

1. destruction of the cells’s DNA

2. destruction of the cell’s RNA

3. cessation of the cell’s protein synthesis

4. formation of glycogen inclusions

cessation of the cell’s protein synthesis

The primary function of the ___ is the intracellular digestion of food particles and protection against invading organisms.

1. lysosome

2. cytoplasm

3. ribosome

4. Golgi apparatus

lysosome

Eukaryotic ribosomes are ___ in size.

1. 80S

2. 70S

3. 16S

4. 30S

80S

Most fungi are ____ because they obtain nutrients from the remnants of dead plants and animals in soil or acquire habitats.

1. saprobes

2. parasitic

3. ciliates

4. helminths

5. autotrophs

saprobes

Helminths often have two hosts in their life cycle, a/an ____ host where the parasite grows and develops into a larval stage, and a second definitive host where the parasite reaches maturity and reproduces.

1. parasitic

2. intermediate

3. primary

4. indefinite

5. larval

intermediate

Which of the following statements are not true?

1. Viruses cannot be described as dead or alive

2. Viruses infect animals and plant cells only

3. Viruses can be observed with an electron microscope

4. Viruses are acellular

5. Viruses replicate only inside host cells

Viruses infect animals and plant cells only

Before influenza viruses can invade your cells and establish infection you must have compatible influenza virus ___ on your cell surface.

1. RNA

2. DNA

3. antigen

4. spike proteins

5. receptors

receptors

Most DNA viruses like Herpes simplex II (HSV-2) enter the host cell’s ___ and are replicated and assembled there.

1. cell membrane

2. ribosomes

3. Golgi apparatus

4. nucleus

5. cytoplasm

nucleus

The term ____ refers to the number of viruses released by an infected cell.

1. host range

2. release size

3. growth curve

4. viron size

5. burst size

burst size

Which of the following is not a mechanism of action of antiviral drugs?

1. Inhibition of virus entry by preventing host receptor binding

2. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

3. Destruction of the cell membrane to prevent growth

4. Inhibition of viral assembly

5. Inhibition of viral release

Destruction of the cell membrane to prevent growth

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the ____.

1. trophozoite

2. cyst

3. sporozoite

4. oocyst

trophozoite

What is the minimum number of phages that can initiate the development of a plaque in bacterial lawn?

1. 1

2. 10

3. 100

4. 1000

1

Which of the following provide structural reinforcement of cells and organelles and helps link cells together to form tissues?

1. Actin

2. Intermediate filaments

3. Microtubles

4. Intermediate filaments

5. Linker-filaments

Intermediate filaments