5 middle ages

unit 5 notes

early kingdoms

* 500-1000 CE
* Italy, Gaul, Spain, Germany, Britain
* visigoths
* 461-644 roman catholicism spreads
* frankish empire

charles martel

* 719CE, became king of Frankish Kingdom of Francia
* religious reforms, strict church life
* grandson of charlemagne

carolingians

* dynasty of frankish aristocrats in western europe
* christian
* pepin the elder - founder
* charles martel

charlemagne

* frankish king, conquered lots of western europe
* 782 - defeats saxons
* 800 - established holy roman empire
* him as HRE meant to end centuries of chaos, church power
* 843 - HRE breaks up after his death
* made Latin official language
* first time the Church and State united to bring Christianity to everyone under their control

vikings

* norse, scandinavian
* colonized iceland and greenland
* seafaring

feudalism

* created by otto I
* system where people would fight/work for nobles and get land/protection in exchange
* monks/priests ran schools
* walls, farm, manor, church→ important

vassal

* a land owner, in obligation of a lord
* typically a knight

lord

* noble class, highest class


* provided knights, food, taxes to fiefs (monarchs)
* leased out land they received from monarchs to their vassals

fief

land a lord leases to vassals, on behalf of a monarch

serf

* unfree peasants who farmed lords fields
* received small land to farm and live in exchange

christianity

* monotheistic
* unique to the world at the time

constantine

* looked at christians more favourably, turned to christianity
* edict of milan, declared Christians free to practice

crusades

* 8 crusades
* many jews died
* 7th was longest, less successful
* afterward, muslims controlled middle east

black death

“The Great dying”

* spread by fleas from rats
* later spread by people
* could have disappeared due to: something happened to flea, something happened to bacillus, change in living conditions

black death mortality

* 1348-1350→1/4 europe pop. died
* 1348-1374→pop. in england fell from 3.8 to 2.1 million

\

effects of plague

* economic depression
* crime and violence grew
* more witchcraft + church superstition
* people thought it was punishment from god

pneumonic

affect lungs

bubonic

swelling lymph glands

septisemic

blood poisoning

pope urban II

magna carta

* first document that ensured limits to royal power in England, protecting rights and laws of the people
* king john