TEST 2

alveoli

air sacs at the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries that surround them

bronchus

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree.

larynx

location of vocal cords; air enters from the pharynx; (also called voice box)

lungs

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.

nose

lined with mucous membranes and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm air

pharynx

serves as food and air passageway; air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus; (also called throat)

sinuses

air cavities within the cranial bones; membrane lining the air cavities produces mucus, which drains into the nasal passages; (also called paranasal sinuses)

thorax

chest; the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs. The thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm.

trachea

passageway for air from the larynx to the bronchi; (also called windpipe)

bronch/o

bronchus (s.), bronchi (pl.)

capn/o

carbon dioxide

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

muc/o

mucus

nas/o

nose

ox/i

oxygen

pharyng/o

pharynx (throat)

pneum/o

lung, air

pneumon/o

lung, air

rhin/o

nose

sinus/o

sinus (s.), sinuses (pl.)

somn/o

sleep

spir/o

breathe, breathing

thorac/o

chest, chest cavity

trache/o

trachea (windpipe)

-ary, -eal

pertaining to

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid (with a sterile needle)

-ectomy

surgical removal, excision

-gram

record, radiographic image

-ia

diseased state, condition of

-meter

instrument used to measure

-pnea

breathing

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-scope

instrument used for visual examination

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-stomy

creation of an artificial opening

-thorax

chest, chest cavity

-tomy

cut into, incision

asthma

espiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath; caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

progressive lung disease blocking air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are two main components of COPD. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking.

computed tomography

diagnostic imaging test producing scans composed from sectional radiographic images, which can be taken in any of the anatomic planes for a multidimensional view of internal structures. Chest computed tomography is often performed to follow up on abnormalities identified on previous chest radiographs.

coronavirus disease

respiratory illness caused by a newly discovered virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and digestive upset; the disease course can range from mild to severe with the possibility of acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure

culture and sensitivity

aboratory test performed on a collected sample to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria or fungi and to identify the most effective antimicrobial treatment. The test may be performed on sputum, throat cultures, blood, urine, and other fluids. Sputum culture and sensitivity tests are frequently used in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.

emphysema

loss of elasticity of the alveoli results in distension, causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen. (component of COPD)

influenza

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

obstructive sleep apnea

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to short absences of breathing (apnea); can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

radiograph

image created by ionizing radiation; chest radiographs are frequently performed to diagnose respiratory conditions; (also called an x-ray) (Figure 4.14, A)

sputum

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

tuberculosis

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs (may spread to other organs)

upper respiratory infection

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx, usually caused by a virus; (commonly called a cold

asthma

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath; caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

Subjective

Patient’s words describing their health and problems experienced

Objective

Physical exam findings and diagnostic test results

Assessment

Provider’s interpretation of the patient’s condition

Plan

Therapeutic treatment, further diagnostic procedures, patient education, follow-up

ABG

arterial blood gas

BP

blood pressure

CO2

carbon dioxide

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COVID-19

coronavirus disease

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure

C&S

culture and sensitivity

CT

computed tomography

CXR

chest radiograph (chest x-ray)

ET

endotracheal

flu

influenza

O2

oxygen

OSA

obstructive sleep apnea

P

pulse

PFTs

pulmonary function tests

PSG

polysomnography

R

respiration

RT

respiratory therapist

SOAP

subjective, objective, assessment, plan (note format)

SOB

shortness of breath

T

temperature

TB

Tuberculosis

URI

upper respiratory infection

VS

vital signs

V/Q scan

lung ventilation/perfusion scan