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Globalization
Integration and reduction of traditional barriers lead to increased global flows of products
Global interdependance
Benefits: Lower prices, bigger availability. employments and land/resource development
Challenges: Complex, shorter product lifecycle, competition, new business models
Role of Transport
Develop SCM integration
considered the “glue”
External Factors of Transport
Globalization
Technology
Consolidation
Govt policy and regulation
Measurement Units
Ton miles
Passenger miles
Have different costs of production/services
Unit Aggregation
Transport output (freight or passenger)
Transport output by mode (truck, sea, etc)
By carrier (market share)
Price Elasticity of Demand
Sensitivity of demand to price charges
Relative to price and quanitity
% change in quantity / % change in price
Inelastic: insensitive (gas, because people will still buy)
Elastic: Sensitive
Service Components of Freight Demand
Reliability: Consistency to avoid stockouts
Accessibility: Impact transport cost/time
Capability: “Special” service requirements
Security: safety stock / stockout costs
Supply Chain Concept, Development
1960s: physical distribution concept
1980s: business logistics or integrated logistics
1990s: scm concept