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Biometrics
a form of access control used to identify humans
biometric matching/verification
Biometric systems that identify someone out of a crowd by comparing their characteristics with a database
Biometric identification
A biometric form of access control that distinguishes between people by comparing them to a database of select individuals
Physiological Biometrics
Identifying people through unique physical traits (fingerprints, hands, iris, retina, face)
behavioral biometrics
identifying people through unique behavioral patterns (handwriting, voice, gait, keystroke)
enrollment process
capturing a person’s biometric data and storing it in a database for future use
extraction
using biometric data in a database to find matches or patterns
template generation module
taking all of the data entered into a biometric system and translating it so the database can understand and use it
Iris
The colored section of the eye that expands or contracts the pupil to allow light in. Does not change as a person ages. Easier to scan than a retina
IrisCode
A computer system used to create database entries for database scans. Creates a 512 digit code for each entry. Only uses 256 bytes of data per entry
Retina
The larger white background of the eye. Can change appearance due to disease
NIR wavelength
the wavelength of light used in eye scans
Eigenfaces
Facial characteristics expressed as a code to be compared to other faces
Principal Component Analysis
Compares an entered face to Eigenfaces and notes the differences between them. Only works on 2D images taken head on
Linear Discriminant Analysis
Facial comparison using a vector. Can account for lighting differences, but uses a large amount of data
Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
Uses graphs to compare facial features. Is incredibly accurate and doesn’t require a full scan
Next Generation Integration
The FBI’s new database designed to replace IAFIS and make use of biometric technology
Rap Back
An NGI system that notifies law enforcement when someone already processed in the system has committed a crime
Interstate Photo System
A database of 30 million mugshot photos matched to Tenprint scans
Facial Analysis, Comparison, and Evaluation
An internal FBI unit that keeps track of both criminal and civil mugshot photos. Contains 411 million photos
MorphoTrust
the organization contracted by the FBI to maintain their biometric databases
National Palm Print System
The FBI database that keeps track of palm prints
