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taxonomy
the science of classifying organisms
taxa/taxon
eight classification groups
the Domains of Life
archaea, bacteria, chromista, protozoa, fungi, plantae, animalia
binomial nomenclature
the system in which an organism would be assigned a genus name and a species name (in Latin)
scientific name
the genus-species name of an organism
systematics
the science of classification
phylogeny
deals with constructing the evolutionary history of organisms
cladistics
the reclassifying of organisms according to their evolutionary theory
clades
branches of a phylogenetic tree that include all the descendants of an evolutionary ancestor
divergence
the process of two similar species becoming more and more different
derived trait
a trait that arises within a clade and is shared by all future members of that clade
convergence
the process of two dissimilar species evolving the same derived trait
