Clinical and Medical Sciences Review Flashcards

Vocabulary practice cards consolidating clinical terminology, diagnostic signs, genetic mutations, and public health formulas from the multi-subject lecture transcript.

Fossa of Rosenmuller

The origin site for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Greisenger Sign

Edema of the mastoid skin seen in lateral sinus thrombosis.

Gardenigo Sx

A triad characterized by discharge, deep retro-orbital pain, and diplopia (behind the promontory).

Thornwaldt cyst

A midline cyst in the posterior pharyngeal wall, often involving an adherent mass where the notochord is attached to the pharyngeal endoderm.

Palivizumab

A treatment used for respiratory bronchiolitis specifically targeting the RSV virus.

SOFA score

A clinical score assessing GCS, Respiratory Rate ($RR \times 22$), and SBP ($<100$).

MESS score

Mangled Extremity Severity Score used to evaluate limb ischemia, soft tissue injury, and energy levels to determine the need for amputation.

Michelis-GuuHtman bodies

Laminated mineralized concretions found in Malakoplakia.

TED score

A clinical scoring system involving creatinine, bilirubin, PT/INR, and age.

Meniscus sign

A radiological finding associated with pleural effusion.

Popcorn sign

A radiological sign seen in Fibroadenoma, cavernoma of the brain, and pulmonary hamartoma/chondroma.

Rigler sign

A radiological sign indicative of Pneumoperitoneum.

Hebeeden nodules

Nodules located on the distal joints, associated with osteoarthritis.

Bouchaed nodules

Nodules located on the proximal joints, associated with osteoarthritis.

Primordial prevention

Prevention focused on discouraging the adoption of risk factors before they develop (e.g., lifestyle modification at birth).

Iceberg phenomenon

A concept in disease epidemiology not shown in conditions like Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), Rabies, and Tetanus.

DALY

Disability Adjusted Life Year, calculated as the sum of YLL (Years of Life Lost) and YLD (Years Lived with Disability).

Odds ratio

A measure of association used in case-control studies, calculated as $\frac{ad}{bc}$.

Absolute risk reduction (ARR)

The difference between the risk in the control group and the risk in the treated group.

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

The number of patients to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome; calculated as $\frac{100}{ARR}$.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Calculated as $\frac{\text{Live births}}{\text{Mid-Year Population}} \times 1000$.

General Fertility Rate (GFR)

Calculated as $\frac{\text{Live births}}{\text{Reproductive women}} \times 1000$.

Propagative transmission

Biological transmission where the agent multiplies in number but does not change in form (e.g., Plague bacilli in rat fleas).

Cyclo-propagative transmission

Biological transmission where the agent both multiplies in number and undergoes developmental changes (e.g., Malarial parasite in anopheles).

Cyclo-developmental transmission

Biological transmission where the agent undergoes developmental changes but does not multiply (e.g., Filarial parasite in culex).

Floor space overcrowding standard

A standard requiring $110\,\text{sq. ft.}$ or more for $2$ persons, where children $1$-$10$ years count as half a unit.

Metalloenzyme: Zinc ($Zn$)

Includes Carbonic Anhydrase, Glutamate DH, LDH, and ALA dehydratase; deficiency causes Acrodermatitis enteropathica.

CURB 65

A pneumonia severity score evaluating Confusion, Uremia ($BUN$), Respiratory Rate ($\geq 30$), Blood Pressure ($90/60$), and Age ($\geq 65$).

Titin

The largest protein in the sarcomere, stabilizing the structure from the Z-line to the M-line.

Behcet's disease

A condition associated with HLA B51, characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers and uveitis.

Von Zumbusch disease

A clinical variant of psoriasis presenting as diffuse pustular lesions.

Hairy Cell Leukemia markers

Markers include BRAF mutation, Clinic Annexin A1, and CD markers CD 11c, 25, and 103.

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (LSE)

Non-bacterial verrucous vegetations associated with SLE, found on both sides of the valve cusps.

MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)

A measure of inhalational anesthetic potency; it is inversely proportional to potency (e.g., Methoxyflurane has the lowest MAC of $0.2$).

Hofmann elimination

The chemical degradation of certain muscle relaxants like Atracurium that is independent of renal or hepatic function.

LAST

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity, which targets the CNS and CVS; treated with $20\%$ intralipid.

Propofol

The drug of choice for day care, neuro-surgery, and as an antiemetic; side effects include green urine and infusion syndrome.