Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance

Largest body fluid compartment

intracellular fluid

extracellular fluid includes

3

interstitial

intravascular

transcellular

Who has the highest percentage of body water

infants

who has the lowest percentage of body water

older adults

Hydrostatic pressure does what

pushes fluid OUT of capillaries

oncotic pressure does what

pulls fluid INTO capillaries

Low albumin causes

edema

Fluid leaves blood vessels but isn’t available for circulation

third spacing

Main extracellular electrolyte

sodium

main intracellular electrolyte

potassium

what does sodium regulate

water balance

what does potassium regulate

cardiac and muscle function

hyponatremia symptoms

3

confusion

HA

seizures

hypernatremia symptoms

3

thirst

confusion

irritability

Hypokalemia symptoms

3

Muscle weakness

constipation

arrhythmias

ECG finding with hypokalemia

U waves

Hyperkalemia symptoms

2

muscle weakness

life threatening arrhythmias

ECG finding with hyperkalemia

Peaked T waves

Hypocalcemia causes what

tetany

signs of hypocalcemia

2

Chvostek and trousseau signs

Hypercalcemia causes

3 things

kidney stones

bone pain

constipation

Hypomagnesemia causes

2 things

tremors

arrhythmias

ADH does what

retains water

aldosterone does what

retains sodium and water

ANP does what

promotes sodium and water excretion

normal blood ph

7.35-7.45

Respiratory acidosis is caused by

hypoventilation→ increased CO2

respiratory alkalosis is caused by

hyperventilation

metabolic acidosis is caused by

decreased hco3

common causes of metabolic acidosis

3

dka

diarrhea

renal failure

metabolic alkalosis is caused by

increased hco3

common causes of metabolic alkalosis

vomiting

diuretics

the body attempts to return pH toward normal

compensation