Caesar, Pompey, and Octavian

What was Julius’s full name?

Gaius Julius Caesar

What was the 1st origin that people thought that Caesar (his nickname) came from?

One of his ancestors was born via Caesarean section

What was the 2nd origin that people thought that Caesar came from?

He was born with a full head of hair

What was the 3rd origin that people thought that Caesar came from?

He had bright gray eyes

What was the 4th origin that people thought that Caesar came from?

He had killed an elephant in battle

What is his name, Julius, connected to?

Connects his family to the sun of the mythological hero Aeneas

Who was Aeneas?

The most brave Trojan besides Hector

What does this coin show?

Aeneas’s son and his father escaping from Troy

What war did Julius fight in with his uncle?

The civil war against Sulla and Marius

How old was he?

16 years old

What did Sulla almost do to Julius?

He almost executed him but he managed to escape.

What happened during one of his travels?

He was captured by pirates and ransomed.

What did he do once he was released?

He raised a fleet, chased down the pirates, and crucified them.

What was Julius’s first career path?

Military Tribune

When did he get a new job?

69 BCE

What was his job in 69 BCE

Quaestor, which was a government accountant

What did he do next in 65 BCE?

He became an Aedile

What was an Aedile?

Oversaw public works, set up public games and maintained public buildings

What did he do in 63 BCE?

He became Pontifex Maximus, head religious official

What did he do in 60 BCE?

He became a praetor in Spain

What does he do while he is in Spain?

Becomes military general and joins the ‘First Triumvirate

What did Caesar do in order to “push his agenda”

He allied himself with two other prominent Roman politicians

What were the two politicians names?

Marcus Crassus and Gnaeus Pompey

What were the 3 things that they could influence

military, economy, and government

Who was Pompey married to in order to ensure the alliance with Caesar?

Caesar’s daughter

What was Pompey influential in?

Senate and the government

What did he conquer most of?

Most of the near east, he was seen as on the greatest Roman generals.

How did Crassus make his money and gain his wealth?

Real estate

Who is this a picture of?

Pompey

Who is this a picture of?

Crassus

What is this a picture of?

Roman apartments

What year was Caesar elected General of Gaul?

58 BCE

What happens as Caesar makes more and more money?

Crassus is killed while trying to fight the Parthians in the far east

What else happens as he gains power and wealth?

Caesar’s daughter dies and his alliance with Pompey begins to fall apart.

Who was the senate now allied with and what did they fear?

Pompey, and Caser’s growing power

What happens when they ask Julius to return to Rome and resign?

He is scared for himself and did not want to return to Rome

What does Pompey do in response to this?

He accuses him of treason.

How does Caesar then respond to Pompey?

He takes his army, cross the Rubicon, and marches into Rome on Jan 10, 49 BCE, this leads to another Civil War

Who wins the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BCE

Caesar

What happens after he wins?

He flees to Egypt where he has friends, but is betrayed

What does he do after he is now the most powerful man in Rome?

He helps settle a dispute in Egypt

What does this picture show?

Pompey’s death

What happens when Julius returns back to Rome

He is declared Dictator for Life by the Senate

What were his three main goals?

Put down all resistance on the Roman frontier, create a strong centralized government in Rome, and organize the provinces and the periphery of Roman territory

Who does he make his legal heir

His nephew, Octavius

When were the Ides of March?

March 15th

Why do the optimates no longer like Caesar?

They do not see a difference between him and a king, he has too much power.

How does Caesar die?

He is stabbed by people of the Senate and betrayed by one of his allies, Brutus.

What do these coins show?

The Ides of March, when Julius Caesar is assassinated

What did Caesar’s will consist of?

Left $$ to every citizen of Rome, left all the rest to his nephew, adopted his nephew.

How old was Octavian?

17 years old

Who did Octavian go against for Caesar’s heir?

Antony, Caesar’s right hand man.

Who is killed at the Battle of Philippi?

Brutus and Cassius

Who is in the second triumvirate?

Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus

What does Octavius have control over?

Italy

What does Antony have control over?

Egypt, Greece, and Asia

What does Lepidus have control over?

Northwestern Africa, Carthage, and Spain

What battle does Octavian defeat Antony in?

Battle of Actium

What does Octavian do after he claims victory in Rome?

He announces that he will be a leading citizen and that peace has been restored.

What is this building?

The altar of peace