freshwaters

types of freshwaters

underground/subsurface waters, rivers, lakes

types of underground/subsurface waters

soil moisture, ground water, layer water, karst water, artesian water

soil moisture

all 3 physical state need to be present for good soil water retention capacity depends on soil particle size

ground water

the subsurface water accumulated above the 1st impermeable layer

artesian water

good quality water, slow

parts of river

main river, primary river, secondary river, tributary, catchment area, watershed

catchment area

total area from which a single river collects surface runoff and underground waters

what does drainage pattern depend on

rock/soil type, climate + paleoclimate, vegetation, human interference

drainage patterns

dendritic, parallel, radial, centripetal

dendritic pattern

tree like branches

parallel pattern

subrivers run parallel to eachother and the main river

radial pattern

outward from a central high point

centripetal pattern

flow into a basin

characteristics of rivers

river discharge, water level, velocity

river discharge def

number of m² of water flowng across the river bed in a given section in one second

velocity

can measure length, velocity is bigger during flood

working ability

how much river load can be carried (so either builds or destroys the riverload or both) depends on speed- slope angle, river discharge

upper course river

v shaped, great working ability, downculting, common with waterfalls and rapids, zigzagging river, used for energy production

middle course river

smaller slope angle, slow flow, weaker working ability, riverbed assymetric, lateral erosion-widens its river-valley, oxbow lakes

lower course river

very small slope angle, slow flow, not enough working ability to carry its load-deposits it, splits into many branches eg river deltas

significance of rivers list

drinking water supply, irrigation, transportation, industry, tourist industry, electricity production, fishing

lake def

a lake is an open still water, usually but not necessarily fresh water in which the aquatic vegetation occupies only a small area

formation of lake basins

formed by internal or external forces

types of lakes formed by internal forces

tectonic lakes, caldera lakes

tectonic lakes

lakes in trenches, narrow elongated shape, deep, eg lake malawi, l baykal

caldera lakes

crater lakes in the caldera of a volcano, eg szent anna tó, crater lake

external forces that form lakes

pleistocene ice sheet, pleistocene glaciers, landslide

pleistocene ice sheet

creates lake regions as the ice sheet gradually began to move back to north, ice blocks covered with sediments

pleistocene glaciers

u shaped valley, behind terminal morraine, eg lake como, geneva

landslide

landslide created lake basin eg gyilkos tó

decline of lakes reasons

filling up process, drying out

filling up process

eutrophication, plants overgrow, dead organic material accumulates, sediment fills up the lake basin

drying out

no rain happens for a long time, sunshine-warmth

drying out steps

lake, swamp, marsh, moor