Plant Biology Review

Flashcards based on plant biology lecture notes.

Plants

Multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose.

They perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll and are essential for ecosystems.

Chlorophyll a and b

Green pigments used by plants for photosynthesis.

Sunlight, water, minerals, gas exchange, movement of water and nutrients

Plants need these to survive

Bryophytes

Plant division that depends on water for reproduction.

They are non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Osmosis

The process by which bryophytes draw up water.

Gametophyte

The dominant stage of the life cycle in bryophytes.

It is haploid and produces gametes for sexual reproduction.

Xylem and phloem

Vascular tissue that moves fluids throughout the plant body.

Xylem transports water and nutrients; phloem distributes sugars and organic compounds.

Club mosses, horsetails, and ferns

Examples of seedless vascular plants.

They reproduce via spores and have vascular tissues for transport.

Sporophyte

The dominant stage in the life cycle of ferns and other vascular plants.

It is diploid and develops from the fertilized egg, producing spores for asexual reproduction.

Flowers/cones, pollination, seed embryo protection

Adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water.

Gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers

Examples of gymnosperms.

These are seed-producing plants that do not produce flowers or fruits.

Angiosperms

Plant division characterized by flowers.

They are seed-producing plants that produce flowers and fruits, allowing for efficient reproduction.

Flowers

Reproductive organs unique to angiosperms.

They facilitate pollination and seed formation.

Ovaries

Plant structure that surrounds and protects the seeds.

Monocots and dicots

Plant groups named for the number of seed leaves.

Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two.

One

Number of seed leaves in monocots.

Two

Number of seed leaves in dicots.

Annual

Category of plant life spans, lasting one year.

Biennial

Category of plant life spans, lasting two years.

Perennial

Category of plant life spans, lasting more than two years.

fronds,rhizomes,roots

parts of a fern's structure; fronds are the leaves, rhizomes are underground stems that store nutrients, and roots anchor the plant in soil.

sori

clusters of sporangia on the undersides of fern fronds, where spores are produced.

trachids

elongated cells in vascular tissue that facilitate the transport of water and minerals in plants.