3rd_Lecture__Attention_in_Cognitive_Psychology

Attention

Selective cognitive process that filters relevant information from sensory input, involving both conscious and unconscious mechanisms.

Signal Detection Theory (SDT)

Explains how people detect key stimuli amidst noise in their environment.

Vigilance

Sustained attention to detect specific stimuli over time.

Feature Integration Theory

Theory that states basic features are processed automatically; complex searches require effort.

Similarity Theory

The concept that the more similar the target and distractors, the harder the search becomes.

Guided Search Theory

Theory proposing two stages in target searching: parallel activation followed by serial detailed evaluation.

Broadbent’s Filter Model

Model suggesting information is selectively filtered early in processing.

Attenuation Model

Model stating that unattended stimuli are not fully blocked but their strength is weakened.

Divided Attention (Multitasking)

Allocating attention to multiple tasks simultaneously; effectiveness may decrease performance.

Attention Deficits

Examples include ADHD, change blindness, and inattentional blindness, which can result from various factors.

Habituation

Decreased response to repeated stimuli.

Dishabituation

Regaining sensitivity to a stimulus after a change.

Adaptation

Sensory adjustment to continuous exposure, such as tuning out background noise.

Automatic Processes

Processes that require little to no effort, occur in parallel, and are unconscious and fast.

Controlled Processes

Processes that require conscious effort, occur serially, and are slow and deliberate.

Automatization

The process by which controlled processes become automatic through practice.

Priming

Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a later stimulus.