Nationalism in India Lecture Review

These flashcards provide key vocabulary terms, significant dates, major events, and influential figures related to the history of the Indian Nationalist movement as described in the lecture notes.

Nationalism

Identifying as individual or as a group with the political united thinking.

Forced recruitment

A process by which the colonial state forced people to join the army.

Satyagraha

A form of protest based on the ideals of truth and non-violence, emphasizing that physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor if the cause was true.

Vengeance

The act of punishing or causing harm to an individual as retribution for a wrong doing.

Khilafat

The succession of the caliphate, referring to the spiritual head of the Islamic world, the Khalifa.

Rowlatt Act

The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of $1919$, named after Sir Sidney Rowlatt, which authorized the government to imprison any person suspected of terrorism for $2$ years without a trial.

Martial law

A state of military control imposed on a region, such as in Amritsar in April $1919$ under the command of General Dyer.

Jallianwalla Bagh incident

The massacre that took place on $13$ April $1919$ where General Dyer opened fire on a large crowd gathered for a protest and the Baisakhi fair, killing hundreds.

Hind Swaraj

A book written by Mahatma Gandhi in $1909$ stating that British rule in India survived only because of the cooperation of Indians.

Non-Cooperation

Not working together with someone or the act of not doing.

Justice Party

A party in Madras representing non-Brahmins that chose to contest council elections during the Non-Cooperation Movement to gain political power.

Picketing

A form of demonstration or protest by which people block the entries to shops, factories, or offices.

Begar

Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payment.

Baba Ramchandra

A former indentured labourer in Fiji who led the peasant movement in Awadh against high rents and oppressive landlord practices.

Oudh Kisan Sabha

An organization established in October $1920$, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, and others to address peasant grievances.

Guerrilla Movement

A military activity carried on by a comparatively small or independent force, such as the one led by Alluri Sitaram Raju in the Gudem Hills.

Alluri Sitaram Raju

A charismatic leader of the tribal movement in Andhra Pradesh who claimed supernatural abilities and advocated for violence to attain freedom.

Inland Emigration Act of $1859$

A law that forbade plantation workers from leaving tea gardens without permission, which was rarely granted.

Swaraj

Self Government/Governance, self-rule, or freedom.

Chauri Chaura incident

A violent event in February $1922$ in Uttar Pradesh where protestors set a police station on fire, killing $22$ policemen, leading to the end of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Swaraj Party

A political party formed by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru to contest provincial council elections set by the Government of India Act $1919$.

Radical

A person who wants great social and political change.

Purna Swaraj

A demand for full independence declared during the Lahore session of Congress in December $1929$ under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru.

Simon Commission

A commission appointed in $1927$ to assess the Indian constitutional system; it was protested because it did not include a single Indian member.

Dominion status

A vague promise of autonomy within the British Empire made by Viceroy Lord Irwin to satisfy Indian leaders.

Salt March

A $240$ miles march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi undertaken by Gandhi and $78$ volunteers to violate the salt law by manufacturing salt from sea water.

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

An agreement signed on $5$ March $1931$, where Gandhi agreed to a Round Table Conference and the government agreed to release political prisoners.

FICCI

The Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries, formed in $1927$ to protect Indian business interests.

Harijan

A term used by Mahatma Gandhi to refer to Dalits, meaning 'children of god'.

Depressed Classes Association

An organization formed by B. R. Ambedkar to represent Dalits and demand separate electorates.

Poona Pact

An agreement signed in September $1932$ between Gandhiji and Ambedkar that gave Dalits reserved constituencies instead of separate electorates.

Bharat Mata

A visual image representing the identity of India; first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and later painted as an ascetic figure by Abanindranath Tagore.

Anandamath

A novel by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay that includes the hymn 'Vande Mataram'.

The Folklore of Southern India

A four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales published by Natesa Sastri, who believed folklore was national literature.

Defiance

Open refusal to obey someone or somebody.

Monopoly

The complete control or possession or use of something by one entity.

Quit India Movement

A mass movement launched on $8$ August $1942$ in Bombay following the failure of the Cripps Mission, demanding immediate transfer of power.

'Do or Die' speech

The famous speech delivered by Mahatma Gandhi during the launch of the Quit India Movement.