Psychopathology #3 (GLOSSARY)

somatic symptom and related disorders

a broad grouping of psychological disorders that involve physical symptoms or anxiety over illness, including somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) and factitious disorder

somatic symptoms

physical or bodily symptoms

somatic symptom disorder (SSD)

a condition involving a pattern of distressing thoughts regarding the seriousness of one’s physical symptoms combined with excessive time and concern devoted to worrying abt these symptoms

somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain

a condition involving excessive anxiety or persistent concerns over severe or lingering pain

illness anxiety disorder

persistent health anxiety and/or concern that one has an undetected physical illness even when the person has only mild or no physical symptoms

conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

a condition involving sensory or motor impairment suggestive of a neurological disorder but with no underlying medical cause

psychogenic

originating from psychological causes

malingering

feigning illness for an external prupose

factitious disorders

a condition in which a person deliberately induces or simulates symptoms of physical or mental illness with no apparent incentive other than attention

factitious disorder imposed on self

symptoms of illness are deliberately induced, simulated, or exaggerated, with no apparent external incentive

factitious disorder imposed on another

a pattern of falsification or production of physical or psychological symptoms in another individual

dissociative disorders

a group of disorders, including dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder and depersonalization/derealization disorder, all of which involve some sort of dissociation, or separation, of a part of a person’s consciousness, memory, or identity

dissociation

a mild to extreme lack of connection with one’s surroundings or emotions in reaction to stressful or traumatic circumstances

dissociative amnesia

a psychologically based sudden loss of important personal information or recall of events

localized amnesia

lack of memory for a specific event or events

systematized amnesia

loss of memory for certain categories of information

selective amnesia

an inability to remember certain details of an event

repressed memories

a memory of a traumatic event has been repressed and is, therefore, unavailable for recall

dissociative fugue

an episode involving complete loss of memory of one’s life and identity, unexpected travel to a new location, or assumption of a new identity

depersonalization/derealization disorder

a dissociative condition characterized by feelings of unreality concerning the self and the environment

dissociative identity disorder

a condition in which two or more relatively independent personality states appear to exist in one person, including experiences of possession

possession

the replacement of a person’s sense of personal identity with a supernatural spirit or power

iatrogenic disorder

a condition unintentionally produced by a therapist’s actions and treatment strategies

mood

an emotional state or prevailing frame of mind

depression

a mood state characterized by sadness or despair, feelings of worthlessness, and withdrawal from others

rumination

repeatedly thinking about concerns or details of past events

elevated mood

a mood state involving exaggerated feelings of confidence, energy, and well-being

hypomania

a milder form of mania involving increased levels of activity and goal-directed behaviors combined with an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood

expansive mood

a mood in which a person may feel extremely confident or self-important and behave impulsively

mania

a mental state characterized by very exaggerated activity and emotions including euphoria, excessive excitement, or irritability that result in impairment in social or occupational functioning

euphoria

an exceptionally elevated mood; exaggerated feeling of well-being

emotional lability

unstable and rapidly changing emotions and mood

grandiosity

an overvaluation of one’s significance or importance

pressured speech

rapid, frenzied, or load, disjointed communication

flight of ideas

rapidly changing or disjointed thoughts

major depressive disorder (MDD)

a condition diagnosed if someone (without a history of hypomania/mania) experiences a depressive episode involving severe depressive symptoms that have negatively affected functioning most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks

major depressive episode

a period involving severe depressive symptoms that have impaired functioning for at least 2 full weeks

anxious distress

symptoms of motor tension, difficulty relaxing, pervasive worries, or feelings that something catastrophic will occur

MDD with a seasonal pattern

major depressive episodes occur seasonally more than non-seasonally; at least two seasonal episodes of severe depression have occurred ending at a predictable time of the year

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

a condition involving chronic depressive symptoms that are present most of the day for more days than not during a 2-year period with no more than 2 months symptom-free

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

a condition involving distressing and disruptive symptoms of depression, irritability, and tension that occur the week before menstruation

persistent complex bereavement disorder

a proposed disorder that involves persistent sorrow or preoccupation continuing at least a year after the death of a loved one

treatment-resistant depression

a depressive episode that has not improved despite an adequate trial of antidepressant medication or other traditional forms of treatment

self-schema

a stable set of beliefs and assumptions about the self that are based on the person’s experiences, values and perceived capabilities

co-rumination

extensively discussing negative feelings or events with peers or others

circadian rhythms

internal biological rhythms that influence bodily processes such as the sleep-wake cycle

attributional style

a characteristic way of explaining why a positive or negative event occurred

learned helplessness

a learned belief that one is helpless and unable to affect outcomes

Bipolar 1 disorder

a diagnosis that involves at least one manic episode that has impaired social or occupational functioning; the person may or may not experience depression or psychotic symptoms

bipolar 2 disorder

a diagnosis that involves at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode

cyclothymic disorder

a condition involving milder hypomanic symptoms that are consistently interspersed with milder depressed moods for at least two years

mixed features

concurrent hypomanic/manic and depressive symptoms

rapid cycling

the occurrence of four or more mood episodes per year

personalized medicine

the use of a person’s genetic profile to guide decisions about prevention and treatment of disease and mental disorder

advance directive:

written health care instructions specifying the treatments a person is willing to have or not have if unable to make decisions because of mental or physical incapacity 

lethality

the capability of causing death

psychache

a term created to describe the unbearable psychological hurt, pain, and anguish associated with suicide

psychological autopsy

the systematic examination of existing information after a person’s death for the purpose of understanding and explaining the person’s behavior before death

suicide

the intention, direct, and conscious taking of one’s own life

suicidal ideation

thoughts abt suicide

suicidologists

a professional who studies the manifestation, dynamics, and prevention of suicide