Lexicology

Main Verb

• Carry core meaning in a sentence.
  E.g. run, think, decide

Auxiliary Verbs

• Assisting verbs helping define aspect and voice.

Modal Verbs

• A specific subset of auxiliary verbs that indicate permission and availability

• There are only 10 modal verbs.

• can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would

Dynamic Verbs

• An action that can currently be written in progressive (currently being carried out).
  E.g. I am going for a run.

Stative

• Do not typically take on a progressive form and normally indicate things such as states, feelings or relationships.
  E.g. She likes pop more than rock.
  
  

Transitive

• Action being done to an object.
  E.g. She reads the book.

Intransitive

• No object or other direct relation.
  E.g. I slept.

Ditransitive

• Two objects.
  E.g. He gave her the prize.

Copular

• Links to a complement.
  E.g. I am angry, She is tired

• 
  

Pronouns

• Words that replace anything functioning as a noun.

Personal Pronoun

Takes place of people and things.

Relative Pronouns

A clause that describes a noun.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Refers to something previously mentioned or to something in the speaker's surroundings. E.g. Those are my principles, and if you don't like them...well, I have others. (them is referring to the principles of the speaker)

Adjectives

• Modify nouns and pronouns

• Add: qualities, size, degree of comparison and judgement
  
  

Gradable Adjectives

• Can be modified by degree adverbs
  E.g. very big, quite happy, extremely dangerous

Ungradable Adjectives

• Can't be intensified (would sound irregular)
  E.g. wooden > very wooden (doesn't make sense)

Adverbs

• Words that modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs and other word classes.

• Adverbs are flexible in terms of their location in a sentence, meaning that they will still make sense even if you move them around.

Prepositions

• Function words that show the relationship between nouns/pronouns (sometimes other words) in a sentence.

Determiners

• Introduce and specify noun phrases (must come before a noun).

• Indicate: which (definite), how many (quantifying), or whose (possessive)