Unit 6 Cities and Urban land use

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57 Terms

1
African city model
A model describing the spatial arrangement of many Sub-Saharan African cities, featuring three CBDs (colonial, traditional, and market), ethnic neighborhoods, and informal settlements.
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2
Bid-rent theory
A theory that explains how land price and demand change with distance from the central business district (CBD), where land closer to the CBD is more expensive due to higher accessibility.
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3
Blockbusting
A discriminatory practice in real estate where realtors encourage white residents to sell their homes at a loss by suggesting that racial minorities are moving in.
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4
Boomburb
A rapidly growing suburban city with over 100,000 residents that is not the core city of a metropolitan area.
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5
Borchert Model
Describes the evolution of American cities based on transportation technology across different epochs like sail-wagon, iron horse, and auto-air-amenity.
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6
Brownfielding
The redevelopment of previously used land that may be contaminated, aimed at revitalizing urban areas and reducing sprawl.
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7
Central business district (CBD)
The commercial heart of a city characterized by high values of land and a concentration of business and retail activities.
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8
Christaller's Central Place Theory
A theory explaining spatial distribution of settlements based on the provision of goods and services, with larger settlements serving larger market areas.
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9
Concentric-zone model (Burgess)
A model illustrating urban land use in concentric rings around the CBD, where each ring represents different socioeconomic groups.
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10
De facto segregation
Segregation that exists in practice through social and economic factors, without legal mandates.
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11
Disamenity zone
The poorest parts of cities, possibly without regular city services and often controlled by gangs or drug lords.
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12
Edge city
A large urban area located on the outskirts of a city, featuring office parks, shopping malls, and residential areas.
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13
Environmental injustice
The disproportionate exposure of marginalized communities to environmental hazards while having unequal access to benefits.
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14
Exurb
An area beyond the suburbs where wealthier people live in lower-density housing but still maintain connections to urban areas.
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15
Field study
Research conducted in natural settings to gather observational data about real-world phenomena.
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16
Forward capital
A capital city that has been deliberately relocated for economic or strategic reasons.
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17
Galactic city model
A post-industrial model featuring a sprawling edge city as a new downtown with interconnected nodes of economic activity.
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18
Gravity model
A model predicting interactions between places based on their population size and distance from one another.
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19
Greenbelts
Rings of parkland or open spaces maintained around cities to limit urban sprawl.
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20
Housing discrimination
Denying housing based on race, religion, sex, familial status, disability, or national origin.
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21
Infilling
The development of vacant or underused land within existing urban areas.
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22
Infrastructure
Basic physical structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, such as roads and bridges.
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23
Land use
Various ways humans use land, including residential, commercial, and recreational purposes.
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24
Latin American city model
A model combining radial sectors and concentric zones, featuring a CBD, market, elite residential sector, and squatter settlements.
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25
Megacities
Cities with populations exceeding 10 million people.
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26
Megalopolis
A chain of connected metropolitan areas.
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27
Metacities
Cities with populations over 20 million people.
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28
Mixed land use
Urban planning that incorporates various uses, including residential and commercial within the same area.
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29
Multiple nuclei model (Harris and Ullman)
A model where cities develop around multiple nodes of activity instead of a single CBD.
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30
Place character
The unique attributes that give a location its identity.
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31
Planned city
A city that is constructed according to a specific design.
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32
Primate city
The largest city in a country, disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy.
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33
Qualitative data
Descriptive data gathered through observation, not measurement.
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34
Quantitative data
Numerical data that can be statistically analyzed.
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35
Rank-size rule
A principle where the nth largest city is 1/n the size of the largest city.
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36
Redlining
The practice of denying services to residents of certain areas based on race or ethnicity.
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37
Sector model (Hoyt)
A model describing city growth outward from the CBD along transportation corridors creating wedge-shaped sectors.
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38
Site and situation
Site refers to a place's absolute location, while situation refers to its relative location.
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39
Slow-growth cities
Cities that implement strategies to limit population growth and urban sprawl.
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40
Smart growth policies
Legislation aimed at curbing sprawl and promoting compact, mixed-use development.
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41
Southeast Asian city model
A city model that includes a focal point of a port zone and export-oriented industrial parks.
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42
Squatter settlement
Informal housing areas that develop without legal tenure and often lack basic services.
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43
Suburbanization
The growth of areas on the fringe of urban areas.
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44
Survey data
Information gathered from individuals’ responses to questions.
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45
Sustainable design initiatives
Urban planning strategies aimed at reducing environmental impact.
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46
Sustainable urban design
City design that considers environmental impact, resource conservation, and social equity.
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47
Transportation-oriented development
Development focusing on public transport hubs to promote walkability.
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48
Urban decentralization
The shift of population and economic activity from central areas to suburbs and exurbs.
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49
Urban hierarchy
The ranking of settlements based on size and complexity.
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50
Urban sprawl
The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the countryside.
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51
Urban walkability
The design of urban areas that encourages walking.
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52
Urbanization
The increasing proportion of a population living in urban areas.
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53
World city
A dominant city in the global hierarchy, known for economic, cultural, and political activity.
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54
Zone of abandonment
Areas within a city that have been deserted or left to decay.
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55
Zoning
Dividing land into sections reserved for various purposes like residential and commercial use.
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56

New Urbanism

Planning and development approach based on the principles of walkable neighborhoods, mixed-use development, and diverse housing options. Example: Celebration, Florida.

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57

Land Tenure

The system of rights and rules by which land is held and used, outlining who owns, occupies, or has rights to use land and resources. Example: Private ownership, communal land rights, leaseholds.

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