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how was Uncle Tom portrayed in illustrations post civil war
old and dependant upon Eva, disempowering gains made by BA
why did abolitionists use photography in civil war?
use it to highlight the horror and inhumanity of slavery
examples of prominent photos used by abolitionists
Scourged Back (1863)
Wilson Chinn (1863)
how effective was the use of photography in shaping race relations
sparked civil war conflict, leading people to question the morality of slavery
how can the effect of photography in shaping race relations not be effective
shocking images not enough to change social attitudes post civil war e.g. economic deprivation
How did 1879 āThe Way They Liveā reflect on post civil war society?
how BA remained in domestic/servile conditions
use limited as BA life presented as idyllic, not enough to spark change
how are visual images as a whole significant in reflecting race relations
reflect attitudes held by WA and how these developed over time
when was Birth of a Nation released?
1915
who directed Birth of a Nation
D.W. Griffith (White southerner)
which time period does Birth of a Nation cover?
Civil War and Reconstruction
How are BA portrayed in Birth of a Nation
vicious- BA attempting to rape white characters
BA stop white men voting, reflecting white Americans felt threatened by black assertiveness
How does Birth of a Nation present the KKK?
saviours of the USA, Jesus comes down to bless them at the end
immediate reaction to Birth of a Nation
Hollywood marketed as āsensationalā
Woodrow Wilson had his own screening
how many people saw Birth of a Nation in its first year
1 million
How many members did KKK have by 1924, largely due to Birth of a Nation
4 million
who re-founded the KKK after watching Birth of a Nation
William Simmons
what did the NAACP blame Birth of a Nation for causing?
Red Summer of 1919
What did Thomas Dixon say on the impact of Birth of a Nation
made viewers eternally pro south
How many black Philadelphians attempted to boycott the premier of Birth of a Nation
1000
What can be said of the overall impact of Birth of a Nation?
led to a major deterioration in race relations
When was In the Heat of the Night released
1967
How did In the Heat of the Night present BA
Tibbs (black detective) seen as highly intelligent
Tibbs slaps a white plantation owner showing black assertiveness
How does the context of IHON support growing black assertiveness
1964 Civil Rights Act
1965 Voting Rights Act
1962 Meredith enrols at Mississippi Uni
How are white characters presented in IHON?
Gillespie is an oafish redneck who eventually comes to respect Tibbs
How did IHON have a big impact in shaping race relation?
one of the most popular movies of 1967
WA more sympathetic of BA
How did IHON negatively fail to shape race relations?
failure to pass more CR legislation
what did critics comment on in IHON demonstrating how it poorly reflected race relations?
āa fantasy of racial reconciliationā at a time when opposition to desegregation continued
when was Mississippi Burning released
1988
What was Mississippi Burning based on
1964 Freedom Summer, 3 white activists shot by KKK
How did Mississippi Burning present the KKK?
brutal
what is the logic behind Mississippi Burning
FBI violence against KKK bring some justice to black community
Why Mississippi Burning heavily criticised for its portrayal of race relations
white washed the CR movement, focusing on white FBI agents rather than black individuals
How does popularity of Mississippi Burning show its limitation?
not very popular failed to reach a large audience
when was Malcolm X released
1992
what event occurred the same year as Malcolm X
Rodney King Riots
who directed Malcolm X
Spike Lee (black director)
what does the initial opposition to Malcolm X reflect
continued difficulty of telling black stories in Hollywood
Who made up majority of Malcolm Xās audience
BA showing its limited impact in shaping race relations
How did Malcolm X reflect views of young BA
represents their ādiscontent with mainstream cultureā
Why is Malcolm X criticised for its reflection of 1960s America?
used footage of Rodney King riots, more a reflection of 1990s race relations
what did 2010 Library of Congress describe Malcolm X as
culturally historically and aesthetically significant
when was Roots released?
1977
what does Roots explore?
how slavery has followed BA from civil war to present day
how did Roots challenge perceptions of black characters on screen
gave BA leading roles compared to earlier shows which used BA as comedic relief
who featured in Roots which encouraged WA to watch
famous white actors who played villains
how many people watched the first episode of Roots
100 million (half of population)
how did Roots lead to greater discussion of race relations
college courses set up to discuss the series miniseries
why is it inaccurate to say that Roots changed white attitudes
many watched it because it was a relatable family show, not for race relations
how can limited impact of Roots be seen in wider society
BA remained in impoverished ghettos and continued opposition to integrated schools
when was the Wire produced
2002-2008
where is the Wire set?
Baltimore, Maryland
what does the Wire explore?
each series explores a different aspect of BA society e.g. drug wars, city politics
how are black characters portrayed in the Wire?
black characters are flawed e.g. commit crimes which is due to being stuck in a cycle due to institutional racism
what did creator of the Wire, David Simon, describe the show as
āan angry showā
How was the portrayal of race relations in the Wire limited?
lack of white police brutality is unrealistic
reflects a post racial society and is more focused on class
how many people watched the last episode of the Wire, showing limited viewership?
1.6 million
why was the Wire not very accessible to many people
on expensive streaming service, HBO
what did Prof Paul Achter say on reflection of race relations in the Wire?
reactions to the show displayed how there were ā2 Americasā , one choosing to be passive to issues of race and the other as pro active
how is the Wire still relevant today
highlights āinstitutional indifferenceā of USA- seen in number of black victims to police brutality
what can be concluded of the overall impact of the Wire
only those who were willing to accept the message of the show were truly affected by it- little impact on passive WA
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