RT211 - muscular system

skeletal muscles

muscles usually attached to bones

Visceral muscles

muscles in the walls of some organs

Cardiac muscles

muscles in the heart, myocardium

skeletal

a muscle that is striated, voluntary

Visceral

a muscles that is nonstriated, involuntary

Cardiac

a muscle that is striated, involuntary

skeletal muscles

the red lean meat of the body, make up almost half of the body weight. usually controlled by the cerebrum

Muscle fibers

are the muscle cells

Fibrils

many fine threadlike structures

Fascia

a layer of connective tissue

origin

of a muscle is its more fixed, less movable attachment, usually its proximal end

Insertion

of a muscle is its more movable end, usually its distal end

tendon

sometimes called a sinew cord, or leader is a cordlike fibrous connective structure that extends from the end of a muscle to a bony attachment

Aponeurosis

is a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that is often attached at one end to muscle, often flat muscle and by the other end to a bone, cartilage ligament or other muscle.

tendon sheath

is a tunnel-like channel that surrounds a tendon

Tenosynovitis

is an inflammation of a tendon sheath

Bursa

is a saclike structure lying between a muscle or tendon and an adjacent bony prominence over which the muscle tendon moves

Bursitis

is an inflammation of a bursa and it is frequently very painful

Calcification

the deposition of calcium, may occur in a bursa or tendon sheath

muscle tone

muscle do not completely relax when at rest, but remain partly contracted

Contraction

the main function of all muscles is to contract and cause movement of the body or a part of it

Prime movers

are muscles that initiate and carry out some movement

antagonists

are muscles that perform some movement opposite to that caused by the prime movers.

synergists

are muscles that act with the prime movers to accomplish some movement but prevent unwanted movement

Fixation muscles

are those that hold the adjacent bones in a fixed position so that the prime movers may accomplish some certain movement

posture

the maintenance of the upright position of the body consists of a balanced contraction of some muscle groups and the partial relaxation of opposing groups

muscle spasm

is a contraction of muscles that may persist for a long period of time, without relaxation.

paralysis of muscles

follows injury to, or destruction of, the nerves supplying that muscle.

Poliomyelitis

may attack cells in the spinal cord that supply motor nerves to skeletal muscles

Irritability

is the property of being able to respond to stimuli

Conductivity

is the ability to conduct impulses from nerves, from electrical stimuli

Extensibility

is the facility or stretching. This occurs by a lengthening of the fibrils of each muscle fibers.

Elasticity

the ability to return to the original length following stretching

contractility

is the ability to become shorter, and is due to a shortening with thickening of each fibril of each muscle fiber.

Skeletal muscles contract and cause movement.

They maintain position in the upright and other positions of the body.

They give support to joints by maintaining a partial state contraction

Functions of Muscles

pectoralis major

How muscles are named by location

quadratus, deltoid

How muscles are named by shape

transversus, oblique

How muscles are named by direction of fibers

flexor digitorum

How muscles are named by action

biceps, triceps, quadriceps

How muscles are named by number of parts

diaphragm

dome-shaped muscular partition that separates the thorax and abdomen

Aortic Hiatus

Esophageal hiatus

Opening of the inferior vena cava

3 large openings of diaphragm

pectoralis major muscle

thick fan-shaped muscle that covers the upper anterior chest wall

Psoas Major muscle

Muscle lies lateral to the lumbar vertebrae in the posterior wall of the abdomen.

intercostal muscles

fill in the spaces between adjacent ribs, and their costal cartilages

diaphragm

must be included in the both chest and abdomen radiography

deltoid muscle

sternomastoid muscle

pectoralis minor muscle

biceps brachii

triceps brachii

psoas minor muscle

examples of skeletal muscles

inguinal ligament

patellar ligament

ligamentum teres

calcaneal tendon

example of ligaments and tendons

umbilical area

inguinal area

femoral area

weak abdominal areas