Acid and Base flash cards

What happens when protons are transferred?

Protons are transferred from an acid (proton donor) to a base (proton acceptor), resulting in the formation of conjugate acid-base pairs and the production of water and salts during neutralization reactions.

What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid and base?

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is defined as a proton donor, while a Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor.

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that differ by one proton; the acid has one more proton than the base.

What is the pH scale?

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in a solution, with lower pH indicating higher acidity and higher pH indicating higher basicity.

What does the ion product constant of water (Kw) indicate?

The ion product constant of water (Kw) reveals the equilibrium concentration of [H+] and [OH-] ions in pure water, where Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.00 x 10-14 at 25 °C.

How do strong and weak acids differ in terms of ionization?

Strong acids ionize completely in solution, while weak acids partially ionize, establishing an equilibrium between the undissociated acid and its ions.

What happens in a neutralization reaction?

In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water.

What does a buffer solution do?

A buffer solution resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or a base are added, maintaining a relatively constant pH.

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), which relates the pH of a buffer solution to the concentrations of the conjugate acid and base.

What are acid-base indicators?

Acid-base indicators are weak acids or bases that change color in response to changes in pH, signaling the endpoint of titrations.

How do you identify a suitable indicator for a titration?

A suitable indicator should have a transition range that overlaps with the pH at the equivalence point of the titration.

What is a conjugate acid?

A conjugate acid is the species formed when a Brønsted-Lowry base accepts a proton.

What is a conjugate base?

A conjugate base is the species that remains after a Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a proton.

What is the role of water in acid-base reactions?

Water acts as a solvent and also participates in proton transfer reactions, sometimes acting as an acid or base.

What does it mean for an acid to be monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic?

Monoprotic acids can donate one proton, diprotic acids can donate two protons, and triprotic acids can donate three protons.

What does the shape of a pH curve indicate in titrations?

The shape of a pH curve in titrations reflects the strengths of the acid and base involved, indicating gradual changes before the equivalence point and sharp changes at the equivalence point.

In the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that __________ protons.

donates

When a Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a proton, it forms its __________ acid.

conjugate

A __________ is a Brønsted-Lowry base that has accepted a proton.

conjugate base

The reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water is known as __________ reaction.

neutralization

In a neutralization reaction, the pH of the resulting solution is typically __________ than 7.

neutral or close to

The strength of an acid varies with its degree of __________ in solution.

ionization

The __________ scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.

pH

A __________ solution resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.

buffer

Conjugate acid-base pairs differ by the presence of __________ proton(s).

one

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to relate pH to the concentrations of the __________ acid and base.

conjugate