HSM 321 - Test #1 - University of Alabama

How does UNWTO define tourism?

promotion of responsible, sustainable + universally accessible tourism

What are the 4 perspectives of tourism?

1. tourists

2. business

3. host community

4. government

What are the TANGIBLE components of tourism?

- transportation

- food

- beverages

- tours

- souvenirs

- accommodation

What are the INTANGIBLE components of tourism?

- education

- culture

- adventure

- escape

Visits by residents of a country to their own country mean

domestic (internal)

Visits to a country by nonresidents mean

inbound (international)

Visits by residents of a country to another country mean

outbound (international)

What are two components of international tourism?

inbound + outbound

What are two components of national tourism?

domestic + outbound

Any person on a trip between two or more countries or between two or more localities within his/her country of usual residence.

traveler

All kinds of travelers engaged in tourism

visitor

One who travels away from home for a distance of 50 miles (one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs, or any other purpose except to commute to work, whether he stays overnight or returns the same day

tourist

What is the center of tourism components?

tourists

What are benefits of tourism to host communities?

- money

- education

- work/jobs

- cultural exchange

- improved community

What are costs/problems that can be created by tourism to host communities?

- cultural erosion

- seasonal employment

- overcrowding

- driving out locals

- prices increase

The Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality Industry’s 7 Questions

1. Where is it

2. What does it look like

3. Does it relate to other destinations

4. When is the best time to go

5. What are the local customs and culture like

6. How do I find information

7. What’s happening

Open system

Organizations that are in continual interaction with the environment

Why did people travel in Paleolithic Age?

- gather food

- hunting

- avoid danger

When was the wheel invented?

Neolithic Age

Roads were built by whom?

Romans

Why did people travel in the Classical World?

- trade

- festivals

- religious purposes

- education

What are the characteristics of travel in the Industrial Age?

- increased travel opportunities for the middle class

- longer, faster, safer travel

- Cook's tour

Ships were used mainly for traveling in the Classical World

False

There were shelters in the Classical World

True

The Grand Tour was popular in the Industrial Age?

False (Renaissance)

Development of various modes of transportation expanded the need for what?

the need for adequate accommodations

Why is Thomas Cook a pioneer?

introduced the idea of travel packages/travel agency

What are the roles of tourism organizations?

- perform the catalyst, planning, development, and promotion functions related to travel and tourism activities

- monitor + regulate various forms of travel

Explain the destination hierarchy of tourism organization?

the first level is local and regional, then state and provincial, and at the top, world and national

What is the leading international organization in the field of travel and tourism today?

UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization)

What is the only body representing the private sector in all parts of the industry worldwide?

World Travel + Tourism Council (WTTC)

ALL 50 states have travel promotion offices?

True

What does DMO stand for?

Destination Marketing Organization

What does CVB stand for?

Convention + Visitor Bureaus

What are 3 primary responsibilities of DMOs?

1. encourage group to hold meetings + events in the destination

2. assist groups with preparation for their meetings + events

3. encourage tourists to visit the destination

DMOs charge for their services

False

What is Travel Promotion Act of 2009?

- a law creating the corporation for travel promotion

- a partnership among private + public partnerships

What was established by the Travel Promotion Act of 2009?

Brand USA

What is Brand USA?

The nation's first public-private partnership to spearhead a globally coordinated marketing effort to promote the US as a premier travel destination and to communicate US visa and entry policies

Which sector of tourism components does transportation industry represent?

operating sector

What are the economic benefits of tourism?

• Creates jobs

• Increases GDP

• Brings foreign exchange

• Diversifies the economy

What are the economic disadvantages of tourism?

• Inflation

• higher real estate prices

• seasonal employment

What are the social and cultural benefits of tourism?

• Broadens education

• Improve quality of life

• Preserves heritage and traditions

• Promotes international peace and cultural understanding

What are the social and cultural disadvantages of tourism?

• Cultural erosion

• Commodification of traditions

• Loss of authentic identity

• Disrespect for local norms

What is a tourism organization?

An entity established to promote, develop, manage, or regulate travel and tourism within a geographic area or industry sector.

What are the levels of tourism organizations?

International, national, regional, and local.

What are DMOs and CVBs?

Local tourism organizations that promote and manage destinations and attract visitors.

What are the core functions of tourism organizations?

Collect tourism research

Influence public policy

Protect natural and cultural resources

Establish safety regulations

Coordinate destination planning

What is tourism?

The processes, activities, and outcomes resulting from interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, governments, host communities, and the environment.

What are tourists primarily interested in?

Enjoyment, education, relaxation, and memorable experiences.

What are tourism businesses primarily interested in?

Profitability, market growth, and competitive opportunities.

What are governments primarily interested in regarding tourism?

Economic growth, tax revenue, and national or regional image.

What are host communities primarily concerned with?

Quality of life, stable employment, and environmental and cultural preservation.

What are the main components of the tourism system model?

Inputs, transformation process, outputs, memory, and feedback.

What are inputs in the tourism system?

Natural, human, and capital resources.

What is the transformation process?

Management functions, marketing, and operational linkages that transform inputs into outputs.

What are outputs in the tourism system?

Visitor satisfaction, economic gains, and achieved goals.

What is feedback in the tourism system?

Information from the system's results that helps improve future performance.

What is an open system?

A system that continuously interacts with its internal and external environment.

What does it mean that similar final outputs can be reached through different inputs?

Different resources or starting points can lead to similar results.

What does the hospitality industry provide to tourists?

Accommodations, food and beverage, and entertainment services.

How are tourism and hospitality connected?

Tourism creates demand for hospitality services, so increased tourism leads to growth in hospitality businesses.