Book 8 Ch.52 QA test for carbon compound_basic

Reagent: 2M Na₂CO₃ (add directly) | Observation: Effervescence (Colorless gas bubbles evolved)

Target: Carboxyl group (-COOH)

Bromine Test; Reagent: Bromine in organic solvent (in dark) | | Observation: Reddish-brown / Orange color is rapidly decolourized

Target: Carbon-carbon double bond (C=C)

Acidified Potassium Dichromate Test; Reagent: K₂Cr₂O₇ / H+ (heat in water bath) | Observation: Orange solution turns Green

Target: Hydroxyl group (-OH) [1°/2° Alcohols]

Silver Mirror Test (Tollen's Reagent); Reagent: Ammoniacal silver nitrate (warm in water bath) |Observation: A silver mirror forms on the inner wall of the test tube

Target: Aldehyde group (-CHO)

Reagent: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine | | Observation: Yellow / Orange / Red precipitate forms

Target: Carbonyl group (>C=O) [Aldehydes or Ketones]

Steps: 1. Heat with NaOH -> 2. Acidify with dilute HNO₃ -> 3. Add AgNO₃ | Observations: Cl = White ppt; Br = Cream ppt; I = Yellow ppt

CH₃CH₂X

Reagent: NaOH (heat in water bath) | Observation: Pungent gas evolves which turns moist red litmus paper blue (Ammonia gas)

Target: Amide group (-CONH₂) |