AP U.S. History Notes: Period 3

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on the early years of the United States, including foundational government structures, significant events leading to independence, and influential philosophies shaping American identity.

Constitutional Convention

A gathering of delegates in 1787 to create a stronger national government; resulted in the U.S. Constitution.

Federalism

The system of government where power is divided between the national and state governments.

Articles of Confederation

The first constitution of the United States, which created a weak national government.

Great Compromise

An agreement during the Constitutional Convention that created a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the House and equal representation in the Senate.

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution who argued for a strong national government.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the Constitution who feared the concentration of power in a strong national government.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing individual liberties.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence from Britain.

Shays’s Rebellion

A revolt by Massachusetts farmers against state taxes and economic injustices that highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Natural Rights

Philosophical concept, attributed to John Locke, that individuals have fundamental rights to life, liberty, and property.

Olive Branch Petition

A final attempt by the colonists to avoid war with Great Britain, affirming loyalty to the king.

Boston Massacre

A deadly confrontation in 1770 where British troops killed five colonists, deepening anti-British sentiments.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

The agreement that officially ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized American independence.

Republican Motherhood

The ideology that emphasized women's role in educating future citizens and instilling republican values in their children.

Neutrality Act (1793)

A law passed by President Washington to keep the U.S. neutral in the conflicts between Britain and France.