Urinary system Q1

Urinary system consits of:

• kidneys

• paired ureters

• bladder

• urethra

Urinary system functions:

• filter and excrete the many waste products of our metabolism

• maintaining balance of water and electrolytes in the blood

Kidneys

• suspended on the posterior wall of abdomen

• left kidney sits high than right

• each kidney:

  • 4in long 1in thick

renal capsule

• cover the kidneys

• lies superficial to the outer cortex, inner medulla, and pelvis

Pelvis

• a tube like structure that leads to the ureters

Hilus

• indentation on the medial side of kidney

• where blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit

• where each ureter exits kidney

renal pyramids

• embedded in the renal medulla

• 6-18

renal papillae

• at the base of each pyramid

• face central to the hilius

Minor and Major calyces

• The papillae drain urine into these cuplike structures

Renal columns

• The cortex extends inward between each pyramid, creating the renal columns

Renal Lobe

• each renal pyramid and its adjacent area of the renal cortex is known as a renal lobe

abdominal aorta

• blood supply to the kidneys comes from the renal arteries, which are branches of the abdominal aorta

Inferior vena cava

• the veins run parallel with the arteries and eventually empty into the inferior vena cava

Nephron

• functional units of the kidneys

• filter, secrete, and reabsorb elements of the blood

  • urine is the end product of this

Renal corpuscle

• consists of a capillary bed called the glomerulus

• And a surrounding double-walled cup called the Bowman’s capsule

afferent arteriole

• blood enters the golmerulus by the way of the afferent arteriole

efferent arteriolar

• blood leaves the glomerulus by the way of the efferent arteriole

capsular bowmans space

• The outer layer of the glomerulus capsule is separated from the inner layer by Bowman’s space

Filtered blood travels

• Capsular space

• proximal convoluted tubule

• loop of Henle

• nephron loop

• distal convoluted tubule

Leading into the nephron

• renal artery

• segmental arteries

• interlobar arteries

• arcuate arteries

• interlobular arteries

• afferent arteriole

• glomerulus

Leading out of the nephron

• efferent arteriole

• peritubular capillaries

• interlobular veins

• arcuate veins

• interlobar veins

• segmental veins

• renal vein

Bladder

• the ureters descend carrying urine to the bladder

  • acts as a holding tank for urine until it is elminated rom the body

Urethra

• where urine is elminated from the body

Trigone

• the openings of the two ureters and the urethra form the three corners of the trigone

Empty bladder

• sits posterior to the pubic symphosis

Full bladder

• rises above the pubic sysmphysis

Male bladder

• sits on the prostate gland

Vagina

• lies between the bladder and the rectum

  • Ureters lie on top of the bladder

Urogenital diaphragm

• The urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm.

External urethral sphincter

• a circular skeletal muscle

• the urethra passes through here

Male urethra

• 8-9in

• passes from the:

  • bladder

  • prostate gland

    • via the prostatic urethra

  • Down penis

    • Via spongy urethra

Female urethra

• shorter in length

• urine passes:

  • from Bladder

  • to outside opening