Biological Molecules Vocabulary

Flashcards for vocabulary related to biological molecules.

Glycine

[Image of Glycine Structure]

An amino acid

Alanine

[Image of Alanine Structure]

An amino acid

Valine

[Image of Valine Structure]

An amino acid

Leucine

[Image of Leucine Structure]

An amino acid

Isoleucine

[Image of Isoleucine Structure]

An amino acid

Proline

[Image of Proline Structure]

An amino acid

Phenylalanine

[Image of Phenylalanine Structure]

An amino acid

Tryptophan

[Image of Tryptophan Structure]

An amino acid

Tyrosine

[Image of Tyrosine Structure]

An amino acid

Serine

[Image of Serine Structure]

An amino acid

Threonine

[Image of Threonine Structure]

An amino acid

Cysteine

[Image of Cysteine Structure]

An amino acid

Methionine

[Image of Methionine Structure]

An amino acid

Lysine

[Image of Lysine Structure]

An amino acid

Arginine

[Image of Arginine Structure]

An amino acid

Histidine

[Image of Histidine Structure]

An amino acid

Aspartic acid

[Image of Aspartic acid Structure]

An amino acid

Glutamic acid

[Image of Glutamic acid Structure]

An amino acid

Asparagine

[Image of Asparagine Structure]

An amino acid

Glutamine

[Image of Glutamine Structure]

An amino acid

Glucose

[Image of Glucose Structure]

A simple sugar

Fructose

[Image of Fructose Structure]

A simple sugar

Ribose

[Image of Ribose Structure]

A simple sugar

Deoxyribose

[Image of Deoxyribose Structure]

A simple sugar

Maltose

[Image of Maltose Structure]

A disaccharide made of two glucose molecules

Sucrose

[Image of Sucrose Structure]

A disaccharide made of glucose and fructose

Lactose

[Image of Lactose Structure]

A disaccharide made of glucose and galactose

Glycogen

[Image of Glycogen Structure]

A polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals

Starch

[Image of Starch Structure]

A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants

Cellulose

[Image of Cellulose Structure]

A structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls

Triacylglyceride

[Image of Triacylglyceride Structure]

A type of lipid composed of a glycerol molecule esterified to three fatty acid molecules

Phospholipid

[Image of Phospholipid Structure]

A type of lipid containing a phosphate group

Terpene

[Image of Terpene Structure]

A class of organic compounds made from isoprene units

Cholesterol

[Image of Cholesterol Structure]

A type of lipid and a precursor to steroid hormones

Nucleotide

[Image of Nucleotide Structure]

A molecule consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate group

Nucleoside

[Image of Nucleoside Structure]

A molecule consisting of a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar

Cytosine

[Image of Cytosine Structure]

A pyrimidine base found in DNA and RNA

Thymine

[Image of Thymine Structure]

A pyrimidine base found in DNA

Uracil

[Image of Uracil Structure]

A pyrimidine base found in RNA

Adenine

[Image of Adenine Structure]

A purine base found in DNA and RNA

Guanine

[Image of Guanine Structure]

A purine base found in DNA and RNA

Glucose-6-P

[Image of Glucose-6-P Structure]

A phosphorylated form of glucose

Fructose-6-P

[Image of Fructose-6-P Structure]

A phosphorylated form of fructose

Fructose-1,6-P2

[Image of Fructose-1,6-P2 Structure]

A phosphorylated form of fructose

Glyceraldehyde-3-P (GAP)

[Image of Glyceraldehyde-3-P (GAP) Structure]

An intermediate in several metabolic pathways

Dihydroxyacetone-P (DHAP)

[Image of Dihydroxyacetone-P (DHAP) Structure]

An intermediate in glycolysis

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

[Image of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Structure]

An intermediate in glycolysis

3-phosphoglycerate

[Image of 3-phosphoglycerate Structure]

An intermediate in glycolysis

2-phosphoglycerate

[Image of 2-phosphoglycerate Structure]

An intermediate in glycolysis

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

[Image of Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Structure]

A high-energy intermediate in glycolysis

Pyruvate

[Image of Pyruvate Structure]

The end product of glycolysis

Acetyl-CoA

[Image of Acetyl-CoA Structure]

A key intermediate in metabolism, formed from pyruvate

Lactate

[Image of Lactate Structure]

A product of anaerobic glycolysis

Citrate

[Image of Citrate Structure]

A tricarboxylic acid formed in the first step of the citric acid cycle

Isocitrate

[Image of Isocitrate Structure]

An isomer of citrate and an intermediate in the citric acid cycle

Alpha-ketoglutarate

[Image of Alpha-ketoglutarate Structure]

An intermediate in the citric acid cycle

Succinyl-CoA

[Image of Succinyl-CoA Structure]

An intermediate in the citric acid cycle

Succinate

[Image of Succinate Structure]

An intermediate in the citric acid cycle

Fumarate

[Image of Fumarate Structure]

An intermediate in the citric acid cycle

L-malate

[Image of L-malate Structure]

An intermediate in the citric acid cycle

Oxaloacetate (OAA)

[Image of Oxaloacetate (OAA) Structure]

The final product of the citric acid cycle that regenerates to combine with acetyl-CoA

NAD+/NADH

[Image of NAD+/NADH Structure]

A coenzyme involved in redox reactions

FAD+/FADH2

[Image of FAD+/FADH2 Structure]

A coenzyme involved in redox reactions

ATP

[Image of ATP Structure]

The primary energy currency of the cell

cAMP

[Image of cAMP Structure]

A second messenger involved in cell signaling

Ribulose-5-P

[Image of Ribulose-5-P Structure]

An intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway

Ribose-5-P

[Image of Ribose-5-P Structure]

An intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway

Malonyl-CoA

[Image of Malonyl-CoA Structure]

A precursor in fatty acid synthesis

Acetoacetate

[Image of Acetoacetate Structure]

A ketone body

Acetone

[Image of Acetone Structure]

A ketone body

D-beta hydroxybutyrate

[Image of D-beta hydroxybutyrate Structure]

A ketone body

Hydroquinone

[Image of Hydroquinone Structure]

An aromatic organic compound

Ubiquinone

[Image of Ubiquinone Structure]

A coenzyme in the electron transport chain

Benzoquinone

[Image of Benzoquinone Structure]

An oxidized form of ubiquinone

Urea

[Image of Urea Structure]

A waste product of protein metabolism

Imine

[Image of Imine Structure]

A functional group containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond

Enamine

[Image of Enamine Structure]

An unsaturated amine

Imide

[Image of Imide Structure]

A functional group containing two acyl groups bonded to nitrogen

Amine

[Image of Amine Structure]

A compound containing a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair

Amide

[Image of Amide Structure]

A compound containing a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom

Nitrile

[Image of Nitrile Structure]

A compound containing a cyano group

Azide

[Image of Azide Structure]

A functional group with three nitrogen atoms at one end

Acetyl

[Image of Acetyl Structure]

A chemical group with the formula CH3CO

Acyl

[Image of Acyl Structure]

A functional group derived from a carboxylic acid

Sulfonyl

[Image of Sulfonyl Structure]

A functional group containing sulfur double bonded to two oxygen atoms

Sulfhydryl

[Image of Sulfhydryl Structure]

A functional group containing a sulfur-hydrogen bond

Sulfate

[Image of Sulfate Structure]

A salt or ester of sulfuric acid

Nitrate

[Image of Nitrate Structure]

A salt or ester of nitric acid

Nitrite

[Image of Nitrite Structure]

A salt or ester of nitrous acid

Carbonate

[Image of Carbonate Structure]

A salt of carbonic acid

Phosphate

[Image of Phosphate Structure]

A salt of phosphoric acid

Acetate

[Image of Acetate Structure]

A salt of acetic acid

Benzyl

[Image of Benzyl Structure]

A substituent derived from toluene

Phenyl

[Image of Phenyl Structure]

A univalent radical derived from benzene

Pyrrole

[Image of Pyrrole Structure]

A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound

Furan

[Image of Furan Structure]

A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound

Cyanohydrin

[Image of Cyanohydrin Structure]

An organic compound containing both a cyano and a hydroxyl group

Benzoic acid

[Image of Benzoic acid Structure]

An aromatic carboxylic acid

Ethanoic acid

[Image of Ethanoic acid Structure]

A carboxylic acid, also known as acetic acid

Formic acid

[Image of Formic acid Structure]

The simplest carboxylic acid