Posterior Abdominal Wall
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60 Terms
1
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What are the vessels called when the aorta splits?
left and right common iliac arteries
2
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When the common iliac arteries split, what are those vessels called?
internal and external iliac arteries
3
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What supplies the bladder uterus, rectum, and medial thigh?
internal iliac arteries
4
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What does the external iliac artery change to after it passed under the inguinal ligament?
femoral artery
5
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What does the femoral artery supply?
most of the lower extremity
6
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Where is the right suprarenal gland commonly located?
posterior to the IVC
7
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What is found with the left suprarenal gland?
a vein coming from the left renal vein
8
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Where do the kidneys lie?
between T12 and L3
9
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What is the difference between the left and right kidney positions?
right is more inferior
10
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What is found at the renal hilus?
renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis and ureter
11
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What is the major function of the kidney?
filter blood and regulate water and ion content
12
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What is the functional unit of the urinary system/
nephrons
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What is found in the renal cortex?
renal columns
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What happens in the renal cortex?
filtration begins here
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What is found in the renal medulla?
renal pyramids
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What is the tip of a renal pyramids?
renal papilla
17
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How much blood is filtered per day?
180 liters per day
18
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How much urine is excreted per day?
1-2 liters per day
19
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What are the stages of urine formation?
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
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What is the definition of urine?
fluid that was filtered, secreted, and not reabsorbed
21
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How many minor calyces are in the kidney?
5-20
22
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How many major calyces are in the kidney?
3-5
23
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What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter?
smooth
24
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What are the 3 erectile tissues?
2 corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
25
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Where is the corpus spongiosum found?
the center of the penis
26
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Where is the corpora cavernosa found?
the sides of the penis
27
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What tissue does the urethra run through in the penis?
corpus spongiosum
28
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Where is the prostate gland?
inferior to the bladder
29
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What type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter?
skeletal
30
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What spinal levels are involved in the control of micturition?
S2,3,4
31
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What would result from an injury at S1?
loss of urinary functions and erections
32
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What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta?
middle suprarenal aa, renal aa, and gonadal aa
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What are the paired parietal branches of the aorta?
inferior phrenic aa, 5 lumbar aa, and common iliac aa
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What do the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain directly to?
IVC
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What do the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain to?
the right renal vein
36
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How do the gonadal arteries come off the aorta?
commonly at different points
37
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What are the tributaries of the azygous system?
ascending lumbar veins
38
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What are the crura of the diaphragm?
the sides of the opening on the muscle to allow for the aorta to pass
39
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What is found at the right crus?
cristae terminalis
40
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What are the arcuate ligaments?
scallop like appearance on the diaphragm that can be used as landmarks for other structures
41
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What comes through the median arcuate ligament?
aorta
42
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What comes through the medial arcuate ligament?
psoas major muscle
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What comes through the lateral arcuate ligament?
quadratus lumborum muscle
44
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What is the function of the psoas muscles?
flexion of the femur
45
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Where is the origin of the iliacus muscle?
the ilium
46
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the psoas minor muscle tendon is __ to the psoas major muscle belly
anterior
47
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Where is the subcostal nerve?
right under the 12th rib
48
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What spinal level contributes to the subcostal nerve?
T12
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What spinal level contributes to the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?
L1
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Where does the L1 split into iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?
can vary, either posterior or anterior aspect
51
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Where is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
across iliacus muscle
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What spinal level is lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
L2,3
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Where is the femoral nerve?
buried between the iliacus and psoas muscles
54
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What spinal level is the femoral nerve?
L2,3,4
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the sacral plexus is ___ to the rectum
posterior
56
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What spinal level is the sacral plexus?
L4 to S4
57
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Where is the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve?
poking out of psoas major
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What spinal level is the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve?
L1,2
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What spinal level is the obturator nerve?
L2,3,4
60
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What is the lumbosacral trunk?
obturator nerve and descending ramus of L4 and L5
Note 
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