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What are the vessels called when the aorta splits?
left and right common iliac arteries
When the common iliac arteries split, what are those vessels called?
internal and external iliac arteries
What supplies the bladder uterus, rectum, and medial thigh?
internal iliac arteries
What does the external iliac artery change to after it passed under the inguinal ligament?
femoral artery
What does the femoral artery supply?
most of the lower extremity
Where is the right suprarenal gland commonly located?
posterior to the IVC
What is found with the left suprarenal gland?
a vein coming from the left renal vein
Where do the kidneys lie?
between T12 and L3
What is the difference between the left and right kidney positions?
right is more inferior
What is found at the renal hilus?
renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis and ureter
What is the major function of the kidney?
filter blood and regulate water and ion content
What is the functional unit of the urinary system/
nephrons
What is found in the renal cortex?
renal columns
What happens in the renal cortex?
filtration begins here
What is found in the renal medulla?
renal pyramids
What is the tip of a renal pyramids?
renal papilla
How much blood is filtered per day?
180 liters per day
How much urine is excreted per day?
1-2 liters per day
What are the stages of urine formation?
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
What is the definition of urine?
fluid that was filtered, secreted, and not reabsorbed
How many minor calyces are in the kidney?
5-20
How many major calyces are in the kidney?
3-5
What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter?
smooth
What are the 3 erectile tissues?
2 corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
Where is the corpus spongiosum found?
the center of the penis
Where is the corpora cavernosa found?
the sides of the penis
What tissue does the urethra run through in the penis?
corpus spongiosum
Where is the prostate gland?
inferior to the bladder
What type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter?
skeletal
What spinal levels are involved in the control of micturition?
S2,3,4
What would result from an injury at S1?
loss of urinary functions and erections
What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta?
middle suprarenal aa, renal aa, and gonadal aa
What are the paired parietal branches of the aorta?
inferior phrenic aa, 5 lumbar aa, and common iliac aa
What do the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain directly to?
IVC
What do the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain to?
the right renal vein
How do the gonadal arteries come off the aorta?
commonly at different points
What are the tributaries of the azygous system?
ascending lumbar veins
What are the crura of the diaphragm?
the sides of the opening on the muscle to allow for the aorta to pass
What is found at the right crus?
cristae terminalis
What are the arcuate ligaments?
scallop like appearance on the diaphragm that can be used as landmarks for other structures
What comes through the median arcuate ligament?
aorta
What comes through the medial arcuate ligament?
psoas major muscle
What comes through the lateral arcuate ligament?
quadratus lumborum muscle
What is the function of the psoas muscles?
flexion of the femur
Where is the origin of the iliacus muscle?
the ilium
the psoas minor muscle tendon is __ to the psoas major muscle belly
anterior
Where is the subcostal nerve?
right under the 12th rib
What spinal level contributes to the subcostal nerve?
T12
What spinal level contributes to the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?
L1
Where does the L1 split into iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?
can vary, either posterior or anterior aspect
Where is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
across iliacus muscle
What spinal level is lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
L2,3
Where is the femoral nerve?
buried between the iliacus and psoas muscles
What spinal level is the femoral nerve?
L2,3,4
the sacral plexus is ___ to the rectum
posterior
What spinal level is the sacral plexus?
L4 to S4
Where is the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve?
poking out of psoas major
What spinal level is the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve?
L1,2
What spinal level is the obturator nerve?
L2,3,4
What is the lumbosacral trunk?
obturator nerve and descending ramus of L4 and L5
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