Posterior Abdominal Wall

What are the vessels called when the aorta splits?

left and right common iliac arteries

When the common iliac arteries split, what are those vessels called?

internal and external iliac arteries

What supplies the bladder uterus, rectum, and medial thigh?

internal iliac arteries

What does the external iliac artery change to after it passed under the inguinal ligament?

femoral artery

What does the femoral artery supply?

most of the lower extremity

Where is the right suprarenal gland commonly located?

posterior to the IVC

What is found with the left suprarenal gland?

a vein coming from the left renal vein

Where do the kidneys lie?

between T12 and L3

What is the difference between the left and right kidney positions?

right is more inferior

What is found at the renal hilus?

renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis and ureter

What is the major function of the kidney?

filter blood and regulate water and ion content

What is the functional unit of the urinary system/

nephrons

What is found in the renal cortex?

renal columns

What happens in the renal cortex?

filtration begins here

What is found in the renal medulla?

renal pyramids

What is the tip of a renal pyramids?

renal papilla

How much blood is filtered per day?

180 liters per day

How much urine is excreted per day?

1-2 liters per day

What are the stages of urine formation?

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

What is the definition of urine?

fluid that was filtered, secreted, and not reabsorbed

How many minor calyces are in the kidney?

5-20

How many major calyces are in the kidney?

3-5

What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter?

smooth

What are the 3 erectile tissues?

2 corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

Where is the corpus spongiosum found?

the center of the penis

Where is the corpora cavernosa found?

the sides of the penis

What tissue does the urethra run through in the penis?

corpus spongiosum

Where is the prostate gland?

inferior to the bladder

What type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter?

skeletal

What spinal levels are involved in the control of micturition?

S2,3,4

What would result from an injury at S1?

loss of urinary functions and erections

What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta?

middle suprarenal aa, renal aa, and gonadal aa

What are the paired parietal branches of the aorta?

inferior phrenic aa, 5 lumbar aa, and common iliac aa

What do the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain directly to?

IVC

What do the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain to?

the right renal vein

How do the gonadal arteries come off the aorta?

commonly at different points

What are the tributaries of the azygous system?

ascending lumbar veins

What are the crura of the diaphragm?

the sides of the opening on the muscle to allow for the aorta to pass

What is found at the right crus?

cristae terminalis

What are the arcuate ligaments?

scallop like appearance on the diaphragm that can be used as landmarks for other structures

What comes through the median arcuate ligament?

aorta

What comes through the medial arcuate ligament?

psoas major muscle

What comes through the lateral arcuate ligament?

quadratus lumborum muscle

What is the function of the psoas muscles?

flexion of the femur

Where is the origin of the iliacus muscle?

the ilium

the psoas minor muscle tendon is __ to the psoas major muscle belly

anterior

Where is the subcostal nerve?

right under the 12th rib

What spinal level contributes to the subcostal nerve?

T12

What spinal level contributes to the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?

L1

Where does the L1 split into iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?

can vary, either posterior or anterior aspect

Where is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

across iliacus muscle

What spinal level is lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

L2,3

Where is the femoral nerve?

buried between the iliacus and psoas muscles

What spinal level is the femoral nerve?

L2,3,4

the sacral plexus is ___ to the rectum

posterior

What spinal level is the sacral plexus?

L4 to S4

Where is the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve?

poking out of psoas major

What spinal level is the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve?

L1,2

What spinal level is the obturator nerve?

L2,3,4

What is the lumbosacral trunk?

obturator nerve and descending ramus of L4 and L5