OxfordAQA International GCSE Combined Science Double Award (9204) Lecture Notes

Flashcards created from the lecture notes covering key concepts in biology.

All organisms are constituted of __.

one or more cells.

Plant cells often have __, which absorb light energy to make food.

chloroplasts

A bacterial cell consists of cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a __.

cell wall

During photosynthesis, light is absorbed by a green substance called __.

chlorophyll

The digestive system in mammals includes the __, which produces bile.

liver

The __ is a group of cells with similar structure and function.

tissue

In aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and __.

water

The main organ that pumps blood around the body is the __.

heart

In humans, blood glucose levels are controlled by the __.

pancreas

White blood cells help defend the body against __.

pathogens

The build-up of __ in muscles leads to muscle fatigue during anaerobic respiration.

lactic acid

A process called __ allows plants to adapt to low ion concentrations in the soil.

active transport

In genetic engineering, __ from one organism can be inserted into another organism's cells.

genes

Changes in environmental conditions can result in __ from an organism to protect it.

responses

The __ system of the body is responsible for maintaining internal stability.

nervous

Organisms competing for light and space often lead to __ between species.

competition

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases are known as __.

pathogens