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Central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord,
Peripheral nervous system
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
Somatic nervous system
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system
the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)
Sympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Parasympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
Sensory neurons
neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
Interneurons
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
Motor neurons
neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Kinesthesia
our movement sense - our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
Vestibular sense
our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Serotonin
Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Undersupply linked to depression.
Norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood regulation
Glutamate
A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
GABA
It slows down your brain by blocking specific signals in your central nervous system (your brain and spinal cord). GABA is known for producing a calming effect.
Endorphins
"morphine within"--natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.
Acetycholine
A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction
Agonist
A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
Antagonist
chemicals that block receptors—sometimes permanently
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination
Occipital lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
Temporal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
Parietal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.
Frontal lobe
associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
Corpus callosum
the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
Broca's area
Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
Wernicke's area
controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
Trichromatic theory
theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green
Opponent-process theory
the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green
Place theory
in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
Frequency theory
theory of pitch that states that pitch is related to the speed of vibrations in the basilar membrane
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