bio chapter 12 quizzy rizzy

different forms of a gene are called

alleles

what does true breeding or pure breeding mean?

organisms that consistently produce offspring with the same traits as themselves when breeding with the others that are the same type. Homozygous! for the trait in question

how did mendel keep his plants from self pollinating

He removed the anthers, male reproductive parts, from the flowers of the plants he wanted to cross pollinate.

what does a punnet square do

shows probable outcome of a cross

mendels basic principles

law of segregation, law of independent assortment, and the principle of dominance, and the principle of paired factors

situation in which a gene has more than two alleles is called

multiple alleles

what happens in prophase

homologous chromosomes pair up forming tetrads and crossing over

what happens in metaphase 1

tetrads allign at the cells equator with spindle fibers attaching to the centromeres of each chromosomes

anaphase 1

homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite sides

teliphase 1

nuclear membrane forms around the separated chromosomes and the cell divided into 2 daughter cells each having haploid set of chromosomes

prophase 2

nuclear membrane breaks down again and spindle fibers form

metaphase 2

sister chromatids align at the cells equator

sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

anaphase 2

telophase 2

the nuclear membrane reforms around the separated chromatids and the cell divides into 4 haploid daughter cells each each having a single set of chromosomes