________ obtain carbon from other organisms but use chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigment to trap energy from sunlight.
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Mutualism
________ is a symbiotic relationship in which both partners benefit.
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Autotrophs
________ may be photoautotrophs, which obtain energy from sunlight, or chemoautotrophs, which obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals such as ammonia.
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Bacterial pathogens
________ cause disease, but are usually not considered obligate parasites.
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Chemotrophs
________ obtain energy from chemical compounds; phototrophs capture energy from light.
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Plasmids
________ that have genes for antibiotic resistance are called R factors.
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Cannulae
________ and hami are recently discovered hairlike appendages unique to archaea.
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Prokaryotic cells
________ are very small and do not have membrane- enclosed organelles such as nuclei and mitochondria.
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genetic material
In prokaryotes ________ can be exchanged by trans- formation, transduction, or conjugation.
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Biofilms
________ are dense communities of microorganisms, in which cells adhere to one another on a surface.
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Commensalism
In ________ one partner benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
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archaea carry
Some bacteria and ________ on nitrogen fixation; that is, they reduce nitrogen in the atmosphere to ammonia.
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Methanogens
________ are obligate anaerobes that produce methane gas from simple carbon compounds.
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Transformation
In ________ a prokaryotic cell takes in foreign DNA released by another cell.
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free living decomposers
They are mainly ________ that obtain both carbon and energy from dead organic matter.
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Korarchaeota
________ have been found in terrestrial hot springs.
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Louis Pasteur
________ demonstrated that sterilization prevented bacterial growth.
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Prokaryotes
________ play essential ecological roles as decomposers and are important in recycling nitrogen and other nutrients.
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Nanoarchaeota
________ has only one member to date, Nano archaeum equitans, a very small, extreme thermophile discovered in a hydrothermal vent.
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Pili
________ also extend from the surface of some prokaryotes.
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cellular respiration
Most bacteria are aerobic; that is, they require oxygen for ________.
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Kochs postulates
________ are a set of guidelines developed by robert Koch to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms:
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Bacterial flagella
________ are structurally different from eukaryotic flagella; each flagellum consists of a basal body, hook, and filament.
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cell walls
Most bacteria have ________ composed of peptidoglycan.
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parasite benefits
In parasitism the ________, and the host is harmed.
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own organic molecules
Most prokaryotes are heterotrophs that obtain carbon from other organisms; some are autotrophs that make their ________ from simple raw materials.
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marine dwellers
The Crenarchaeota include many extreme thermophiles, archaea that can inhabit very hot, sometimes acidic, environments and archaea that are ________.
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Biofilms
________ may include bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi.
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Prokaryotic cells
________ have several common shapes: spherical (cocci), rod- shaped (bacilli), and spiral.
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prokaryotes
Some ________ have hairlike appendages called fimbriae.
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genetic material
The ________ of a bacterium typically consists of a circular DNA molecule and one or more plasmids, smaller circular fragments of DNA.
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Prokaryotes
________ reproduce asexually by binary fission (the cell divides, forming two cells), budding (a bud forms and sepa- rates from the mother cell), or fragmentation (walls form inside the cell, which then separates into several cells)
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Prokaryotes
________ are assigned to domain Archaea and domain Bacteria.
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Prokaryotic cells have several common shapes
spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), and spiral
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Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission (the cell divides, forming two cells), budding (a bud forms and sepa
rates from the mother cell), or fragmentation (walls form inside the cell, which then separates into several cells)
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In prokaryotes genetic material can be exchanged by trans
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Flashcard (27)