History of Psychology, Ch. 1

Pre-scientific psychology

Beginning of modern psychology field.

Establishment of Wundt's research lab at Uni of Leipzig, Germany, 1879

First psychology lab in North America.

John Hopkins Uni, 1883

Early psychology practice that measured shapes of the skull of clients, looking for bumps/indentations that signified talents or deficiencies.

Phrenology

Early psychology practice that studied contours/features of clients' faces to determine personality traits/abilities.

Physiognomy

Early psychology practice who predicted the future and advised clients about current or future actions.

Clairvoyance

Early psychology practice that made psychological assessments based on the client's handwriting.

Graphology

Aims of early psychology practitioners.

Cure depression/anxiety, improve marital relations, teach parenting skills, increase job satisfaction, assist in vocational choices

19th-century staple in student education that focused on sensation/perception, attention, learning, memory, thinking, emotions/sensibilities, and will.

Mental philosophy

Founder of phrenology.

Franz Josef Gall

North Americans who spread phrenology and established phrenological clinics in cities.

Johann Spurzheim, George Combe

Aim of phrenologists in clinical practice.

Provide plans of action designed to strengthen weaker mental faculties

In phrenology, bumps in the skull indicated ____.

Overdeveloped brain parts, stronger mental faculties

In phrenology, indentations in the skull indicated ____.

Underdeveloped brain parts, deficiencies

Founder of physiognomy.

Johann Lavater

Major drawback of physiognomy.

Used to justify racial/ethnic stereotypes

Early psychology practice that relieved medical/psychological symptoms in patients by passing magnets over their bodies to move bodily fluids called humors.

Mesmerism

Founder of mesmerism.

Franz Anton Mesmer

Result of King Louis XVI's investigation in the validity of mesmerism.

Negative findings, but mesmerists continued practice

Time periods in which spiritualism gained popularity.

US Civil War, influenza epidemic, WWI

Psychological services provided by spiritualists

Depression/anxiety treatment, advice about workplace/marital/child rearing problems

Early psychology practice that involved communicating with spirits of the dead via seance to provide clients with psychological relief.

Spiritualism

Early psychology practice that helped clients reach spiritual healing by helping them see how irrationality/negative thinking affected their heath. Cures resided in mental powers of individuals, not medicine.

Mental healing, mind cure movement, new thought movement

Founder of the mental healing/mind cure movement.

Phineas Quimby

Time in which the mind cure movement played a role in the development of psychotherapy in the 20th century.

Emmanuel movement

Scientific psychology conflicted with ____ and _____ when it arrived in North America. Opposed them strongly as the sole authoritative voice on psychology.

Public psychology, Mental philosophy

Founder of mental philosophy in 17th century England. Published a book in 1690 that conceived the mind as a tabula rasa- blank slate. All knowledge came from sensation and reflection.

John Locke

Strengthened the assertion that the mind was assumed to not know the external world directly, but only indirectly through processes of reflection.

George Berkeley

Published a book in 1843 that called for an empirical science of psychology.

J.S. Mill

Founder of Scottish realism, a common sense philosophy. Disagreed with the denial of the reality of direct knowledge of objects and events in the world.

Thomas Reid

Early psychology practice that described the mind in terms of its separate faculties. Provided support for the legitimacy of phrenology. Dominated North American college classrooms by 1820s.

Scottish realism

Professor of mental/moral philosophy. Considered the author of the first textbook in American psychology.

Thomas Upham

The first textbook in American psychology, published 1827. Used widely for 50+ years.

Elements of Intellectual Psychology