Transofrmation of Endregy (Photosyntheiss)

what is chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2

what can energy released through hydrolysis of atp be used for

movement of organelles within cells

active transport of substances across membranes

formation of chemical bonds

what are 2 sets of reactions in photosynthesis?

light dependent reactions

light independent reactions

where does light dependent reaction occur

in thylakoid membrane

where does light independent reactionn(calvin cycle) occur

stroma

what is the product of light dependent used by calvin cycle

ATP and NADPH

what is product of calvin return back to light dependent?

NADP+, ADP + Pi

what is chloroplast envelope function in photosynthesis

separates the organelle from the rest of the cell allowing compartmentalisation and specialisation

what is the function of thylakoid membrane

has a large surface area to increase rate of photosynthesis for multiple photosystems, electron carriers, proton pumps and atp synthase to attach to

what is the function of photosystems and electron carriers

• they are closely arranged in sequential order

• increasing efficiency of photophosphorylation

what is the function of circular dna in the stroma

carry genes that code for electron carriers and enzymes

what is the function of the phospholipid bilayer in photosynthesis

it is impermeable to protons allowing accumulation of protons in thylakoid space to create a proton gradient

what is the function of 70S ribosomes in stroma

allow chloroplast to carry out protein synthesis independently of the cell

what is the function of stroma

• site of light-independent reactions

• Closely associated with thylakoid membranes, such that the products of light-dependent reactions can be channelled to the light-independent reactions (and vice versa).

• Large area for the temporary storage of starch.

what are light dependent reactions completely dependent on

on light intensity

what does light-dependent reactions involve

• photoactivation of chlorophyll

• cyclic/ non-cyclic photophosphorylation

whats the purpose of light-dependent reactions

o Synthesis of ATP and NADPH for light-independent reactions.

o Oxygen is released as a by-product.

what is NADP reductase

A membrane-bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of reduced NADP/NADPH from

NADP+

what is NADPH used for in light-independent reaction

as a reducing agent

what happens in non-cyclic photophosphorylation

photoactivation

• electrons are excited to a higher energy level

• excited electrons emitted and captured by primary electron acceptors

• The excited electrons captured by primary electron acceptors are passed along a chain of

  electron carriers and proton pumps in the electron transport chain of progressively

  lower energy levels through redox reactions.

• NOT DONE