final world history study guide!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Reincarnation

being reborn into another body until you achieve moksha

Karma

your good and bad interactions throughout your life

Dharma

duties, and obligations you have in your life

Moksha

a soul reunited with universal soul and ends reincarnation

Appeal of India to Europe

spices

Early British East India Company involvement

the company ruled India with the help of the Sepoys

Sepoy Rebellion

Indian soldiers who worked for the company rebelled after they were intentionally exposed to cow fats

Indian National Congress INC

main resistance body in india against british rule

Amritsar Massacre

British 1919 massacre of Indians which increased support for the resistance movement

Mohandas Gandhi

main leader of Indian independence movement/believed in nonviolence

Led the salt march in 1930

assassinated in 1947 by Hindus that saw him as being too accommodating to Muslims

Caste System

A rigid class system in which you cannot move up or down in your life

the “untouchables” are the lowest caste

Narendra Modi

Indian leader who was banned for a period of time from entering the US because of his role in the Gujarat riots

Gujarat Riots

anti muslim riots

Operation Blue Star

Indian assault on the Sikh militants who were trying to set up Khalistan 

salt march

ghandi marches to the ocean to make salt in protest against the british monopoly

Kashmir conflict

Hindu leader choose to be part of India despite most of the population being Muslim, this led to 4 wars and today a heavily militarized border

Partition and post-partition violence

Radcliffe made the partition with poor information and many were forced to move

General Zia ul-Haq

Islamization of Pakistan

Taliban rule in Afghanistan

Tightly controlled rule with a lack of rights for women

Citizenship Act Amendment

Made Muslim path to citizenship in India more difficult

Pakistan’s role in the War in Afghanistan

Helped the Afghans by allowing US weapons to flow through them to the Mujahedeen. Did not want communism in Afghanistan

The Slave Trade and triangle trade products

Sugar in the Caribbean, alcohol and weapons in Europe, slaves in Africa

Africa’s role in the slave trade

Africans helped in the acquisition of slaves in africa in exchange for goods

The Middle Passage

Slave voyage across the Atlantic from Africa to North/South America

 Reasons for European dominance in Africa

A stronger military, and better technology, got Africans to fight among themselves

 HIV origins

Chimp colony in Cameroon then spread to Dominican Republic of Congo - DRC

HIV prevalence

Most of the infected people live in sub-Saharan africa

Apartheid: goal and implementation

To maintain economic, social, and political control and because they thought they were racially superior

Passbooks

Required all black Africans to travel in South Africa

Bantustans

Area where Africans were forced to live

how did the world help end apartheid

by putting sanctions on South Africa

Nelson Mandela

Leader of the ANC  who was put in prison for espionage/violent struggle against the white government

King Leopold II

Ruled the Congo free state for years and killed 10 million people

Rubber Production

King forced rubber production through kidnapping and cutting of limbs

Hutus/Tutsis animosity

Tutsis previously ruled the country. Hutus were peasants. After Belgium left Hutus began to rule. Tutsi RPF invaded in 1990 and sparked a civil war.

International response to rwandan genocide

The world did basically nothing to stop the genocide

Rwandan Genocide and death toll

800,000 died over the course of 100 days when Hutu militants used machetes in an attempt to exterminate the Tutsis