Infection Exemplars Practice Flashcards

Conjunctivitis

Commonly known as "Pink Eye," a condition where the conjunctiva becomes inflamed; it is the most common ocular disorder worldwide.

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Conjunctivitis occurring in an infant under $30$ days of age.

Trachoma

A form of conjunctivitis characterized by redness, eyelid edema, tearing, photophobia, and small conjunctival follicles on the upper lid.

Ceftriaxone

The pharmacologic treatment used specifically for Gonococcal conjunctivitis.

Parenteral acyclovir

The treatment used for neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infections of the eye.

Tympanic membrane

The structure that separates the middle ear from the external auditory canal; it should normally appear pearly gray, transparent, and mobile.

Eustachian tube

The tube connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx; its obstruction often leads to serous otitis media and impaired air pressure equalization.

Acute otitis media

An infection typically following an upper respiratory infection where edema causes mucus and serous fluid to accumulate in the middle ear.

Chronic otitis media

A condition involving permanent perforation of the tympanic membrane.

Hemotympanum

The presence of blood within the middle ear behind the tympanic membrane.

Myringotomy

A surgical procedure performed to relieve excess pressure in the middle ear and prevent rupture of the eardrum.

Tympanoplasty

A surgical procedure that reestablishes middle ear function, prevents recurrent infection, and closes perforations.

Reye syndrome

A potential neurological disease complication associated with influenza, particularly when aspirin is administered to children.

Zanamivir and oseltamivir

Antiviral drugs used in the pharmacologic therapy of influenza, usually continued for $5$ days.

Pneumonia

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma, which can affect the ability to ventilate, respire, and maintain airways.

Bronchodilators

Sympathomimetic drugs or methylxanthines used to improve airflow in patients with pneumonia.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The slow-growing, slender, rod-shaped acid-fast organism that causes Tuberculosis.

Latent TB

A state of tuberculosis infection often seen in infants, children, and adolescents where the individual has no symptoms.

Isoniazid

A single-drug therapy used for TB prophylaxis, typically administered at $300\,mg/day$ for $6$ to $12$ months.

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