Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cell

a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; includes archaea and bacteria

Eukaryotic Cell

a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Nucleus

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Ribosomes

non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis; found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Rough ER

System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm

Smooth ER

An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Lysosome

membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides

Central Vacuole

a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials;provides turgor pressure in plant cells

Chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy; contains DNA

Mitochondrion

in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP;contains DNA

Cell Wall

strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape

short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface

Flagella

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules, ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.

Cell Membrane

a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment

Domain Bacteria

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles,

Domain Archaea

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Domain Eukarya

Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid insiPde the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Plasmid

a circular DNA molecule that is usually found in bacteria and that can replicate independent of the nucleoid DNA

Cell Theory

1. idea that all living things are composed of cells,
2. cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. new cells are produced from existing cells