Introduction to Pathophysiology, Cellular Injury and Adaptations

This set of flashcards covers the foundational concepts of pathophysiology, cellular injury, and adaptations, incorporating key terms and definitions for review.

The study of functional changes that result from a disorder or a disease.

What is the definition of Pathophysiology?

A disease or abnormality.

What does pathology refer to?

Altered function of the parts of the Central Nervous System controlling mood.

What is a key characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder?

Acute disease develops and resolves quickly, while chronic disease develops gradually and persists.

What is the difference between acute disease and chronic disease?

Indicators of structural or functional changes associated with disease.

What are clinical manifestations?

Programmed cell death that occurs from birth to old age.

What does the term 'apoptosis' mean?

A decrease in cell size due to factors like decreased use or denervation.

What is cellular atrophy?

An increase in cell size due to various factors, such as increased workload.

What is cellular hypertrophy?

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue.

Define cellular hyperplasia.

Irregular cell growth that may be pre-cancerous.

What does dysplasia indicate?

Smoking (direct and passive), exposure to environmental toxins, and stress.

What are common risk factors for lung cancer?

The causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations.

What does epidemiology study?

The proportion of the population with a disease.

What is morbidity?

Hypoxia, nutritional imbalance, trauma, and exposure to physical agents.

What factors can lead to cellular injury?

Necrosis is a pathological cell death resulting from irreversible injury.

What is the significance of necrosis in pathology?

A condition or disease with an unknown cause.

Define the term 'idiopathic'.

It leads to impaired transport of chloride ions and chronic respiratory disease.

What is the implication of genetic causes like cystic fibrosis on health?

Reversible is when cells may recover; irreversible leads to necrosis.

What are key differences between reversible and irreversible cell injury?