Bony Thorax - Sternum and Ribs

These flashcards cover important concepts, anatomy, and techniques related to the bony thorax, focusing on the sternum and ribs.

What are the three parts of the sternum?

Manubrium, Body (Gladiolus), and Xiphoid Process.

How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body?

There are 12 pairs of ribs.

What are true ribs?

The first 7 ribs that have an anterior attachment of costocartilage directly to the sternum.

What is the role of the sternum?

The sternum supports the clavicles superiorly and provides attachment to ribs laterally.

Where is the sternal angle located?

At approximately the same level as the T4-T5 vertebrae.

What are false ribs?

The last 5 ribs (8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th) of the rib cage.

What is a floating rib?

Ribs 11 and 12, which do not have anterior attachments to the sternum.

What is the significance of the sternoclavicular joint?

It is the only bony connection between each shoulder girdle and the bony thorax.

What technique is used for imaging the sternum?

Orthostatic technique for 2-3 seconds exposure time.

In what position should ribs above the diaphragm be imaged?

In an erect position with exposure taken at the end of deep inspiration.

What is the clinical indication for a flail chest?

Fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places caused by blunt trauma, associated with pulmonary injury.

What does the costal margin correspond to in the lumbar regions?

About the same level as L3.

What is the level of the xiphoid process in relation to the vertebrae?

It corresponds to the level of T9-T10.

What are the 2 types of joints found between bony thorax structures?

Cartilaginous (synchondrosis) and Synovial joints.

What should be obliquity for the RAO position of the sternum?

15° to 20° oblique.

Which ribs are best demonstrated in an oblique position?

Axillary portions of the ribs.

How should patients be positioned for rib imaging below the diaphragm?

In a recumbent position with exposure at the end of expiration.

What is pectus carinatum?

A congenital defect characterized by anterior protrusion of the lower sternum.

What is the difference between anterior and posterior ribs in terms of imaging?

Posterior ribs use AP projection, while anterior ribs use PA projection.