Windows Server 2019 Module 5 Section 2 Configuring VMs

To update the VM’s version use the following cmdlet

Update-VMVersion <vmname>

What operating systems does Generation One VMs support

Generation 1 VMs support both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows versions. Generation 1 also supports CentOS/Red Hat Linux, Debian, FreeBSD, Oracle Linux, SUSE Linux, and Ubuntu guest operating systems.

Generation 1 VMs can boot from

virtual floppy disk (.VFD)

integrated drive electronics (IDE) Controller VHD

IDE Controller virtual DVD

PXE boot by using a legacy network adapter

Gen 1 VMs support a maximum boot volume of

four 2TB partitions

What type of Firmware is supported on Gen 1 VMs

Legacy BIOS

What operating systems does Gen 2 VMs support

Generation 2 VMs support only 64-bit Windows versions (excluding Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7). Generation 2 also supports current versions of CentOS/Red Hat Linux, Debian, Oracle Linux, SUSE Linux, and Ubuntu guest operating systems.

Gen 2 VMs can boot from

SCSI Controller VHD

SCSI Controller virtual DVD

PXE boot by using a standard network adapter.

Secure boot is enabled by default in which VM gereration

Gen 2

What generation supports Shielded VMs

Gen 2

Gen 2 VMs support which Firmware

UEFI

Gen 2 VMs support a maximum boot volume of

64TB

The volume on which the VHD files are stored should be

Fault tolerant

Hyper-V virtual Fibre Channel adapter is a

virtual hardware component you can add to a VM to enable access to Fibre Channel storage on storage area networks (SANs)

To enable Fibre Channel Support for SANs

Configure the Hyper-V host with a Fibre Channel host bus adapter (HBA) or Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) network adapter.

The Fibre Channel HBA must have a driver that supports virtual Fibre Channel.

Virtual Fibre Channel adapters support port virtualization by exposing HBA ports in the guest operating system.

How many fiber Channels can you deploy on each Vm

4

Can you store VM data, such as VM configuration files, checkpoints, and VHD files on SMB 3.0 file shares.

Yes

What is a Virtual Hard Disk(VHD)

a file format that represents a traditional hard disk drive for Vms usage

How can you create a VHD

Hyper-V Manager console

The Disk Management console

The diskpart command line tool

The New-VHD windows PowerShell cmdlet

The windows admin center console

VHD formats

The two types of VHD formats

VHD and VHDX

VHD is used to support older Hyper-V Versions and supports a maximum of

2,040 GB

VHDX is different form VHD because

It supports of to 64 TB in size

contains a file structure that minimizes corruption issues if the host server suffers from an unexpected power outage.

The .vhdx format supports larger block size for dynamically expanding and differencing disks, which provides increased performance.

If the VHDX disk is connected to an SCSI controller, you can extend or shrink the disk size while the VM is running.

The VHD types are

Fixed size

Dynamically expanding

Differencing

Fixed size VHD Type

This type of VHD allocates all the space at once

Dynamically expanding VHD type

this type of VHD uses only the exact amount of space it needs, but will expand when needed and to the maximum amount you allow

Differencing VHD type

This type of VHD is used to associate with a parent folder

How does Differencing work

It has a parent folder that has all the base config information then a child folder where data is actually stored. This can allow many VMs to work off of a single parent folder each with their own child folder.

Pass-through disk

using an actual hard drive instead of a VHD

What are VHD sets

provides the next evolution for sharing virtual disk files with multiple VMs.

factors needed for VHD sets

Requires Windows Server 2019, Windows 10 or later.

Uses the .VHDS file format for the shared disk along with a .VHDX file that is used as a checkpoint file.

Supports both fixed size and dynamically expanding disk type.

Supports dynamic resizing, backup at the host level, and the ability to use Hyper-V replica.

The two basic networking components

Virtual network adapter and virtual switch

what does the virtual network adapter do

connects the VM to the virtual switch

what does the virtual switch do

connects the adapters to the real network

The two types of virtual network adapters

Legacy and Network

The three types of Virtual switches

External

Internal

PrivateE

external switch

This type of switch is used to map a network to a specific network adapter or network adapter team.

Internal switch

used to communicate between the VMs on a Hyper-V host and to communicate between the VMs and the Hyper-V host itself.

Private switch

used only to communicate between VMs on a Hyper-V host

what tools allow you to create a virtual switch

Hyper-V Manager

New-VMSwitch PowerShell cmdlet

Windows Admin Center

Networking features for Hyper-V

What is Switch Embedded Teaming(SET)

NIC Teaming option you can use for Hyper-V networks. Ithas some integrated functionality with Hyper V that provides faster performance and better fault tolerance than traditional teams. Another advantage of this is that you can add multiple Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) network adapters, which was not available with traditional teams.

What is RDMA with Hyper-V

Also known as Server Message Block (SMB) Direct, this is a feature that requires hardware support in the network adapter. A network adapter with these functions at full speed with low resource utilization. Effectively, this means there is higher throughput, which is important for busy servers with high-speed network adapters such as 10 Gbps. These services can now use Hyper-V switches. You can enable this feature with or without SET.

What is Virtual machine multi queues (VMMQ)

improves on VMQ by allocating multiple queues per VM and spreading traffic across the queues.

What are Converged network adapters

supports using a single network adapter or a team of network adapters to handle multiple forms of traffic, management, RDMA, and VM traffic. This reduces the number of specialized adapters that each host needs.

What is Network Address Translation(NAT)

Translates internal IPs to external IPs

The states of a VM

Off

A VM that is off does not use any memory or processing resources.

Starting

A VM that is starting verifies that resources are available before allocating those resources.

Running

A VM that is running uses the memory that has been allocated to it. It can also use the processing capacity that has been allocated to it.

Paused

A paused VM does not consume any processing capacity, but it does still retain the memory that has been allocated to it.

Saved

A saved VM does not consume any memory or processing resources. The memory state for the VM is saved as a file and is read when the VM is started again.

What is a checkpoint

A snapshot of a VM at a specific time

The two types of checkpoints

Standard and Production

What is a standard checkpoint

Hyper-V creates an .avhd file (differencing disk) that stores the data that differentiates the checkpoint from either the previous checkpoint or the parent VHD.

What is a production checkpoint

Windows Server uses Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) (or File System Freeze for Linux). This places the VM in a safe state to create a checkpoint that can be recovered in the same way as any VSS or application backup. Unlike standard checkpoints that save all memory and processing in the checkpoint, production checkpoints are closer to a state backup.

When importing a VM, you have three options:

Register the VM in-place (use the existing unique ID).

This option creates a VM by using the files in the existing location.

Restore the VM (use the existing unique ID).

This option copies the VM files back to the location from which they were exported and then creates a VM by using the copied files. This option effectively functions as a restore from backup.

Copy the VM (create a new unique ID).

This option copies the VM files to a new location that you can specify and then creates a new VM by using the copied files.

When exporting a VM, you have two options:

Export a specific checkpoint.

This enables you to create an exported VM as it existed at the point of checkpoint creation. The exported VM will have no checkpoints. Select the checkpoint to be exported, and then select Export.

Export a VM with all checkpoints.

This exports the VM and all checkpoints that are associated with the VM. From the Virtual Machine list in Hyper-V Manager, select the VM to be exported and then select Export.