lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx

common site for injury and associated pathology in lumbar spine

intervertebral disks

size of transverse process in lumbar spine

smaller than ones in thoracic spine

spinous process is more _ and _ than other spinous processes

blunt and bulky

spinous process corresponds to the level of

intervertebral disks that is inferior to vertebral body

intervertebral foramen located at __ degrees from msp

90

foramen are spaces between the

pedicles

intervertebral foramen of lumbar spine are best demonstrated on what projection

lateral

z joints form an angle of __ to __ from msp

30 to 50

each vertebrae has four articular processes of what

two superior and two inferior

how many segments of sacral were fused into a single bone

5 segments

shape of sacrum

shovel shaped

apex of sacrum is pointed

inferiorly and anteriorly

how many sets of sacral foramina does the sacrum have

4

large masses of bone lateral of the first sacral segment are

ala/wing

when viewed laterally, the sacrum has what curvature

convex

the sacrum articulates with what part of the pelvis at what surface

articulates with ilium at auricular surface

the sacral horns are small __ that represent the __ articular processes projecting __ and __ to articulate with the horns of the __

tubercles, inferior, inferiorly and posteriorly, coccyx

auricular surface of sacrum articulates with

similar surface on

what forms sacroiliac joint

auricular surface of sacrum that articulates with surface of ilium

other sacral structures

1. sacral horns

2. sacral canal

3. superior articular process

4. sacral foramina

very most distal part of vertebral column

coccyx

coccyx can also be called

tailbone

coccyx is the fusion of how many segments

3-5, on average 4

most superior, largest, broadest segment of coccyx is called

base

base of coccyx has two lateral projections called

transverse process

distal portion of coccyx

apex

coccyx is same size as

postage stamp

apex of coccyx points toward

pubic symphysis

when do we see scottie dog

45 oblique

neck of scottie dog represents

pars interarticularis

what is the pars interarticularis part of

lamina

ear of scottie dog represents

SAP

eyes of scottie dog represents

pedicle

nose of scottie dog represents

transverse process

front leg of scottie dog represents

IAP

z joints classification

snyovial, diarthrodal, plane/gliding

intervertebral joints classification

cartilaginous, amphiarthrodial

intervertebral foramina on lumbar spine is best visualized in what position

lateral

posterior lumbar obliques visualizes

downside z joints

anterior lumbar obliques visualizes

upside z joints

RAO/LPO shows

left z joints

LAO/RPO shows

right z joints

xiphoid tip level

t9-t10

lower costal margin level

L2-L3

iliac crest level

L4-L5

ASIS level

S1-S2

pubic symphysis level

tip of coccyx AND greater trochanter